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Viral cardiomyopathy occurs when viral infections cause myocarditis with a resulting thickening of the myocardium and dilation of the ventricles. These viruses include Coxsackie B and adenovirus, echoviruses, influenza H1N1, Epstein–Barr virus, rubella (German measles virus), varicella (chickenpox virus), mumps, measles, parvoviruses, yellow fever, dengue fever, polio, rabies, and the ...
Myocarditis is most often due to a viral infection. [1] Other causes include bacterial infections, certain medications, toxins and autoimmune disorders. [1] [2] A diagnosis may be supported by an electrocardiogram (ECG), increased troponin, heart MRI, and occasionally a heart biopsy.
A complete blood count may show an elevated white count and a serum C-reactive protein may be elevated. Acute pericarditis is associated with a modest increase in serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB). [ 5 ] and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), [ 6 ] [ 7 ] both of which are also markers for injury to the muscular layer of the heart.
Troponin I is a biomarker that responds to treatment interventions. Reductions in troponin I levels proved to reduce the risk of future CVD. [23] [24] [25] High sensitive troponin I used as a screening tool to assess a person's cardiovascular risk and has the potential to reduce the growing cost burden of the healthcare system. [26]
Complications can include cardiac tamponade, myocarditis, and constrictive pericarditis. [1] [2] Pericarditis is an uncommon cause of chest pain. [9] About 3 per 10,000 people are affected per year. [2] Those most commonly affected are males between the ages of 20 and 50. [10] Up to 30% of those affected have more than one episode. [10]
Troponin T, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and pro-DNP biomarkers can also help diagnose RCM. [15] Cardiac MRI and transvenous endomyocardial biopsy may also be necessary in some cases. [ 3 ] [ 9 ] Reduced QRS voltage on EKG may be an indicator of amyloidosis-induced restrictive cardiomyopathy.
Bacteremia can travel through the blood stream to distant sites in the body and cause infection (hematogenous spread). Hematogenous spread of bacteria is part of the pathophysiology of certain infections of the heart ( endocarditis ), structures around the brain ( meningitis ), and tuberculosis of the spine ( Pott's disease ).
Uremic pericarditis is associated with azotemia, and occurs in about 6-10% of kidney failure patients. BUN is normally >60 mg/dL (normal is 7–20 mg/dL). However, the degree of pericarditis does not correlate with the degree of serum BUN or creatinine elevation. The pathogenesis is poorly understood. [2]