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Effects of an underwater explosion depend on several things, including distance from the explosion, the energy of the explosion, the depth of the explosion, and the depth of the water. [2] Underwater explosions are categorized by the depth of the explosion. Shallow underwater explosions are those where a crater formed at the water's surface is ...
Organisms at these hydrothermal vent systems are in the aphotic zone of the ocean and have adapted to very low light conditions. Studies on deep sea shrimp have shown the potential for flood lights used on the sea floor used in studying the vent systems to cause permanent retinal damage, [116] warranting further research into the potential risk ...
The underwater explosion also sent 146 million tons of water from the South Pacific Ocean into the stratosphere. [60] The amount of water vapor ejected was 10 percent of the stratosphere's typical stock. [61] It was enough to temporarily warm the surface of Earth. It is estimated that an excess of water vapour should remain for 5–10 years. [59]
Below ocean depths of about 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) where the pressure exceeds the critical pressure of water (22.06 MPa or about 218 atmospheres for pure water), it can no longer boil; it becomes a supercritical fluid. Without boiling sounds, deep-sea volcanoes can be difficult to detect at great distances using hydrophones. [citation needed]
Underwater explosions using dry ice and liquid nitrogen are captured in high definition slow motion by The Backyard Scientist.
A contemporary German popular astronomical book also noticed that light-year is an odd name. [25] In 1868 an English journal labelled the light-year as a unit used by the Germans. [26] Eddington called the light-year an inconvenient and irrelevant unit, which had sometimes crept from popular use into technical investigations. [27]
Submarine eruptions are volcano eruptions which take place beneath the surface of water. These occur at constructive margins, subduction zones and within tectonic plates due to hotspots. This eruption style is far more prevalent than subaerial activity. For example, it is believed that 70 to 80% of the Earth's magma output takes place at mid ...
Image credits: Emily Shiffer #7 Wind Blades. Humpback Whales are one of the largest weighing animals of the world, yet they are profound swimmers, which attributes down to its flippers (fins).