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[4] An example of hyperbole is: "The bag weighed a ton." [5] Hyperbole makes the point that the bag was very heavy, though it probably does not weigh a ton. [6] Exaggerating is also a type of deception, [7] as well as a means of malingering – magnifying small injuries or discomforts as an excuse to avoid responsibilities. [8]
Hyperbole (/ h aɪ ˈ p ɜːr b əl i / ⓘ; adj. hyperbolic / ˌ h aɪ p ər ˈ b ɒ l ɪ k / ⓘ) is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech.In rhetoric, it is also sometimes known as auxesis (literally 'growth').
Puff piece is an idiom for a journalistic form of puffery: an article or story of exaggerating praise that often ignores or downplays opposing viewpoints or evidence to the contrary. [7]
Puffing (or puffery) is exaggerating a product's worth with meaningless or unsubstantiated terms, language based on opinion rather than fact, [27] or the manipulation of data. [28] Examples include superlatives such as "greatest of all time," "best in town," and "out of this world," or a restaurant's claim that it had "the world's best-tasting ...
Reductio ad absurdum, painting by John Pettie exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1884. In logic, reductio ad absurdum (Latin for "reduction to absurdity"), also known as argumentum ad absurdum (Latin for "argument to absurdity") or apagogical arguments, is the form of argument that attempts to establish a claim by showing that the opposite scenario would lead to absurdity or contradiction.
Accounts of Irish atrocities during the Rebellion of 1641 are now dismissed as propaganda, but led to real massacres. [11]In a sermon at Clermont during the Crusades, Urban II justified the war against Islam by claiming that the enemy "had ravaged the churches of God in the Eastern provinces, circumcised Christian men, violated women, and carried out the most unspeakable torture before killing ...
Definitional retreat – changing the meaning of a word when an objection is raised. [23] Often paired with moving the goalposts (see below), as when an argument is challenged using a common definition of a term in the argument, and the arguer presents a different definition of the term and thereby demands different evidence to debunk the argument.
For example, official warnings about the risk of terrorist attacks have led to increased support for the proposed policies of US Presidents. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Collective fear is likely to produce an authoritarian mentality , desire for a strong leader , strict discipline , punitiveness , intolerance , xenophobia , and less democracy , according to ...