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Polyps are either pedunculated (attached to the intestinal wall by a stalk) or sessile (grow directly from the wall). [5] [6]: 1342 In addition to the gross appearance categorization, they are further divided by their histologic appearance as tubular adenoma which are tubular glands, villous adenoma which are long finger like projections on the surface, and tubulovillous adenoma which has ...
While colon polyps are not commonly associated with symptoms, occasionally they may cause rectal bleeding, and on rare occasions pain, diarrhea or constipation. [9] They are a concern because of the potential for colon cancer being present microscopically, and the risk of benign colon polyps becoming malignant over time. [ 10 ]
The colorectal adenoma is a benign glandular tumor of the colon and the rectum. It is a precursor lesion of the colorectal adenocarcinoma (colon cancer). [1] [2] [3] They often manifest as colorectal polyps.
Pedunculated polyps can be removed by snare polypectomy. When the polyp is identified, a polypectomy snare is passed over the polyp and around the stalk of the polyp. The loop of the snare is then tightened to grip the polyp stalk, and the polyp is pulled away from the wall of the colon.
Sigmoidocele (also known as pouch of Douglas descent) is a medical condition in which a herniation of peritoneum containing loops of redundant sigmoid colon descends (prolapses) into the rectouterine pouch (in females), between the rectum and the vagina. [1] [2] This can obstruct the rectum and cause obstructed defecation syndrome. [3]
Traditional serrated adenoma seen under microscopy with H&E stain, showing serrated crypts. SPS may occur with one of two phenotypes: distal or proximal. [6] The distal phenotype may demonstrate numerous small polyps in the distal colon and rectum, whereas the proximal phenotype may be characterized by relatively fewer, but larger polyps in the proximal colon (cecum, ascending colon, etc.). [6]
Bowel cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer in the UK
The serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) is a relatively rare condition characterized by multiple and/or large serrated polyps of the colon. Serrated polyps include SSLs, hyperplastic polyps, and traditional serrated adenomas. Diagnosis of this disease is made by the fulfillment of any of the World Health Organization's (WHO) clinical criteria. [4]