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Shunt resistor R3 maintains minimum TL431 current, series resistor R4 is part of frequency compensation network (C1R4) [31] [32] In the 21st century, the TL431, loaded with an optocoupler 's light-emitting diode (LED), is the de facto industry standard solution for regulated switched-mode power supplies (SMPS).
Shunts come in a variety of forms, but most of them consist of a valve housing connected to a catheter, the lower end of which is usually placed in the peritoneal cavity. The main differences between shunts are usually in the materials used to construct them, the types of valve (if any) used, and whether the valve is programmable or not. [2]
Illustration of valve, from patent application. The Wade-Dahl-Till (WDT) valve is a cerebral shunt developed in 1962 by hydraulic engineer Stanley Wade, author Roald Dahl, and neurosurgeon Kenneth Till. [1] [2] In 1960, Dahl's son Theo developed hydrocephalus after being struck by a taxicab. A standard Holter shunt was installed to drain excess ...
Each of the types of shunts listed above can be composed of a tube or catheter and various types of valves, although they can just be composed of the tubing or catheter. Below is a list of valves that are used in lumbar–peritoneal shunts (LP shunts) and Cerebral shunts (for a more detailed list of the types of valves see type of valves): Delta
ShuntCheck is a non-invasive diagnostic medical device which detects flow in the cerebral shunts of hydrocephalus patients. Neurosurgeons can use ShuntCheck flow results along with other diagnostic tests to assess shunt function and malfunction.
SCPI-1999, Volume 1-4, 819 page PDF file, free download (doesn't include asterisk (*) commands, because they are specified in IEEE 488.2 & IEC 60488-2) IEEE 488.2-1992 , 254 page PDF file, costs USD$52 in 2024 (superseded by IEEE/IEC 60488-2-2004)
Shunt capacitors and reactors are fixed devices, only able to be switched on and off. This required either a careful study of the exact size needed, [4] or accepting less than ideal effects on the voltage of a transmission line. The need for a more dynamic and flexible solution was realized with the mercury-arc valve in the
Rarely, a final operating device such as a lamp or solenoid valve is directly controlled by the contacts of an industrial limit switch, but more typically the limit switch is wired through a control relay, a motor contactor control circuit, or as an input to a programmable logic controller.