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  2. Histamine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine

    The newer class of second-generation H 1 antihistamines do not readily permeate the blood–brain barrier and thus are less likely to cause sedation, although individual reactions, concomitant medications and dosage may increase the likelihood of a sedating effect. In contrast, histamine H 3 receptor antagonists increase wakefulness.

  3. Mast cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mast_cell

    A mast cell (also known as a mastocyte or a labrocyte [1]) is a resident cell of connective tissue that contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin.Specifically, it is a type of granulocyte derived from the myeloid stem cell that is a part of the immune and neuroimmune systems.

  4. Anaphylatoxin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphylatoxin

    A-fragments form distinct structural domains of approximately 76 amino acids, coded for by a single exon within the complement protein gene. The C3a, C4a and C5a components are referred to as anaphylatoxins: [4] [5] they cause smooth muscle contraction, vasodilation, histamine release from mast cells, and enhanced vascular permeability. [5]

  5. Vasodilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasodilation

    Vasodilation works to decrease vascular resistance and blood pressure through relaxation of smooth muscle cells in the tunica media layer of large arteries and smaller arterioles. [17] When vasodilation causes systolic blood pressure to fall below 90 mmHg, circulatory shock is observed. [11]

  6. Innate immune system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system

    Chemical factors produced during inflammation (histamine, bradykinin, serotonin, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins) sensitize pain receptors, cause local vasodilation of the blood vessels, and attract phagocytes, especially neutrophils. [5]

  7. Histamine H1 receptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine_H1_receptor

    Histamine H 1 receptors are activated by endogenous histamine, which is released by neurons that have their cell bodies in the tuberomammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus. The histaminergic neurons of the tuberomammillary nucleus become active during the 'wake' cycle, firing at approximately 2 Hz; during slow wave sleep , this firing rate ...

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  9. Shock (circulatory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)

    Anaphylactic shock is caused by a severe anaphylactic reaction to an allergen, antigen, drug, or foreign protein causing the release of histamine which causes widespread vasodilation, leading to hypotension and increased capillary permeability. Signs of anaphylaxis Signs typically occur after exposure to an allergen and may include: