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A keystone (or capstone) is the wedge-shaped stone at the apex of a masonry arch or typically round-shaped one at the apex of a vault. In both cases it is the final piece placed during construction and locks all the stones into position, allowing the arch or vault to bear weight.
In architecture, intercolumniation is the proportional spacing between columns in a colonnade, often expressed as a multiple of the column diameter as measured at the bottom of the shaft. [1] In Classical , Renaissance , and Baroque architecture , intercolumniation was determined by a system described by the first-century BC Roman architect ...
The estipite column is a type of pilaster used in buildings in the Mannerist and Baroque styles, [1] a moment when many classical architectural elements lost their simple shapes and became increasingly complex, offering a variety of forms and exuberant decoration. [2] This sort of column has the shape of an inverted pyramid or obelisk.
The porch of columns that surrounds the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., (in style a peripteral classical temple) can be termed a colonnade. [4] As well as the traditional use in buildings and monuments, colonnades are used in sports stadiums such as the Harvard Stadium in Boston , where the entire horseshoe-shaped stadium is topped by a ...
In some types only part of the shaft is fluted; some columns at Luxor have five different zones of vertical fluting or horizontal banding. Some of the smaller columns at the Temple of Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahari, Egypt, c.1470 BC bear a considerable resemblance to the Greek Doric column, although the capitals are plain square blocks. The columns ...
Post and lintel construction of the Airavatesvara Temple, India, a World Heritage Monument site Leinster House in Dublin retains column-shaped pilasters under a pediment for aesthetic reasons. Post and lintel (also called prop and lintel , a trabeated system , or a trilithic system ) is a building system where strong horizontal elements are ...
1898 illustration of abacuses of many capitals in various styles. In architecture, an abacus (from the Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax), ' slab '; or French abaque, tailloir; pl.: abacuses or abaci) [1] is a flat slab forming the uppermost member or division of the capital of a column, above the bell.
William Henry Playfair, University of Edinburgh: bevelled edges of each stone block emphasise the voussoirs, which have a curved base and together form a semi-circle at the top of each arch.