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Powder mills were originally powered by windmills, water mills or horse mills. Despite later availability of steam engines, the older power sources did not require a fire to generate steam, and avoided the possibility of sparks which might ignite the gunpowder. Some 20th-century powder mills used electric power.
More than 2.75 million pounds of first-quality gunpowder (a majority of the powder used by the Confederacy) were produced before its closure in 1865. [5] By comparison, Union gunpowder manufacture was distributed among many mills, with the larger Hazard Powder Company of Connecticut producing 40% of the annual production of 8.4 million pounds. [6]
The mill used to grind the powder was driven by water from a mill pond formed by a dam across the original stream. The mill was the scene of three explosions, before its eventual closure, in which several workers died (one of whom, according to a rather ghoulish contemporary newspaper report, was blown into five, named, pieces).
King's Mead Mill (also Battle Windmill or Caldbec Hill Mill) is a grade II listed [1] smock mill at Battle, Sussex, England, which has been converted to residential accommodation. History [ edit ]
Oriental Powder Company was a gunpowder manufacturer with mills located on the Presumpscot River in Gorham and Windham, Maine. The company was one of the four largest suppliers to Union forces through the American Civil War .
American Powder Mills (1883–1929) was a Massachusetts gunpowder manufacturing complex on the Assabet River. It expanded to include forty buildings along both sides of the river in the towns of Acton , Concord , Maynard , and Sudbury .
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Peril in the Powder Mills: Gunpowder and It's Men. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Infinity Publishing. ISBN 978-0741419330. OCLC 57137545. Lane, Anne Kelly (2004). The Powder Mill Gates: Memories of a Powdermaker's Daughter. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Infinity Publishing. ISBN 978-0741419651. OCLC 144616494.