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A lung nodule or pulmonary nodule is a relatively small focal density in the lung. A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) or coin lesion, [1] is a mass in the lung smaller than three centimeters in diameter. A pulmonary micronodule has a diameter of less than three millimetres. [2] There may also be multiple nodules.
Lung tumor; A chest X-ray showing a tumor in the lung (marked by arrow) Specialty: Oncology Pulmonology: Symptoms: Coughing (including coughing up blood), weight loss, shortness of breath, chest pains [1] Complications: Lung cancer: Causes: Smoking Radon gas Asbestos Air pollution Genetics
Alveolar lung disease may be divided into acute or chronic. Causes of acute alveolar lung disease include pulmonary edema (cardiogenic or neurogenic), pneumonia (bacterial or viral), systemic lupus erythematosus, [2] bleeding in the lungs (e.g., Goodpasture syndrome), [3] idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, [4] and granulomatosis with polyangiitis.
Pneumatosis is the abnormal presence of air or other gas within tissues. [1] In the lungs, emphysema involves enlargement of the distal airspaces, [2] and is a major feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Other pneumatoses in the lungs are focal (localized) blebs and bullae, pulmonary cysts and cavities.
Other causes of lung cancer-associated shortness of breath can be treated directly, such as antibiotics for a lung infection, diuretics for pulmonary edema, benzodiazepines for anxiety, and steroids for airway obstruction. [51] Up to 92% of those with lung cancer report pain, either from tissue damage at the tumor site(s) or nerve damage. [54]
For uncomplicated silicosis, chest x-ray will confirm the presence of small (< 10 mm) nodules in the lungs, especially in the upper lung zones. Using the ILO classification system, these are of profusion 1/0 or greater and shape/size "p", "q", or "r". Lung zone involvement and profusion increases with disease progression.
“In adults over the age of 65, symptoms almost always include a cough, whereas with the flu, coughing is usually just present in about two-thirds of patients,” he says.
Caplan syndrome presents with cough and shortness of breath in conjunction with features of rheumatoid arthritis, such as painful joints and morning stiffness. Examination should reveal tender, swollen metacarpophalangeal joints and rheumatoid nodules; auscultation of the chest may reveal diffuse crackles that do not disappear on coughing or taking a deep breath.
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