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An abbreviated example of an exposure hierarchy is pictured in Image 1. Image 1: Exposure hierarchy example for treating public speaking fears. When exposure to an item at the bottom of the hierarchy leads to moderately reduced distress or increased tolerance, a client progresses up the hierarchy to more and more difficult exposures.
The goal of the therapy is for the individual to learn how to cope with and overcome their fear in each level of an exposure hierarchy. The process of systematic desensitization occurs in three steps. The first step is to identify the hierarchy of fears. The second step is to learn relaxation or coping techniques.
using flooding therapy, which exposes the patient to feared stimuli starting at the most feared item in a fear hierarchy. [13] [14] There are several types of exposure procedures. in vivo or "real life." [15] This type exposes the patient to actual fear-inducing situations. For example, if someone fears public speaking, the person may be asked ...
In fear conditioning, the main circuits that are involved are the sensory areas that process the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, certain regions of the amygdala that undergo plasticity (or long-term potentiation) during learning, and the regions that bear an effect on the expression of specific conditioned responses. These pathways ...
The Psychology of Art (1925) by Lev Vygotsky (1896–1934) is another classical work. Richard Müller-Freienfels was another important early theorist. [8] The work of Theodor Lipps, a Munich-based research psychologist, played an important role in the early development of the concept of art psychology in the early decade of the twentieth century.
The 77-year-old “godmother of performance art” reflects on a five-decade career that has pushed the limits of social taboo, physical endurance and fear itself.
Art is also used as an emotional regulator, most often in Art Therapy sessions. Art therapy is a form of therapy that uses artistic activities such as painting, sculpture, sketching, and other crafts to allow people to express their emotions and find meaning in that art to find trauma and ways to experience healing.
Joseph LeDoux focuses much of his research on the emotion fear. Fear can be evoked by two systems in the brain, both involving the thalamus and the amygdala: one old, short and fast, the other more recently evolved, more circuitous and slower. In the older system, sensory information travels directly and quickly from the thalamus to the ...