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Sodium butyrate is a compound with formula Na(C 3 H 7 COO). It is the sodium salt of butyric acid. It has various effects on cultured mammalian cells including inhibition of proliferation, induction of differentiation and induction or repression of gene expression. [1] As such, it can be used in lab to bring about any of these effects.
Glycerol has a hyperosmotic effect and can be used as a small-volume (2–10 ml) enema (or suppository). [16] Mineral oil is used as a lubricant because most of the ingested material is excreted in the stool rather than being absorbed by the body. [36] Sodium phosphate. [37] [38] Also known by the brand name Fleet. Available at drugstores ...
A suppository is a dosage form used to deliver medications by insertion into a body orifice (any opening in the body), where it dissolves or melts to exert local or systemic effects. There are three types of suppositories, each to insert into a different sections: rectal suppositories into the rectum , vaginal suppositories into the vagina ...
For adults, a randomized controlled trial found PEG (MiraLax or GlycoLax) 17 grams once per day to be superior to tegaserod at 6 mg twice per day. [21] A randomized controlled trial found greater improvement from two sachets (26 g) of PEG versus two sachets (20 g) of lactulose.
Sodium citrate/sodium lauryl sulfoacetate/glycerol sold under the brandname Microlax and Micolette Micro enema, among others, is a small tube of liquid gel that is used to treat constipation. [ 1 ] The main active ingredients are sodium lauryl sulfoacetate (0.90% w/v ), sodium citrate (9.0% w/v ) and glycerol .
Sodium phenylbutyrate, sold under the brand name Buphenyl among others, is a salt of an aromatic fatty acid, 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) or 4-phenylbutyric acid. [7] The compound is used to treat urea cycle disorders , because its metabolites offer an alternative pathway to the urea cycle to allow excretion of excess nitrogen.
Sodium oxybate is the sodium salt of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). Its systematic chemical name is sodium 4-hydroxybutanoate, though synonyms like sodium γ-hydroxybutyrate are commonly used. Its condensed structural formula is HOCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 Na (molecular formula: C 4 H 7 NaO 3) and its molar mass is 126.09 g mol −1. It is highly ...
The binding of ceftolozane to human plasma proteins is approximately 16% to 21%, while the binding of tazobactam is approximately 30%. The mean steady-state volume of distribution in healthy adult males after a single 1.5 g IV dose is 13.5 L for ceftolozane and 18.2 L for tazobactam, which is similar to extracellular fluid volume.
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