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  2. Elo rating system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elo_rating_system

    A player's Elo rating is a number that may change depending on the outcome of rated games played. After every game, the winning player takes points from the losing one. The difference between the ratings of the winner and loser determines the total number of points gained or lost after a game.

  3. Mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics

    Analysis is further subdivided into real analysis, where variables represent real numbers, and complex analysis, where variables represent complex numbers. Analysis includes many subareas shared by other areas of mathematics which include: [14] Multivariable calculus; Functional analysis, where variables represent varying functions

  4. Standard deviation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation

    where μ is the expected value of the random variables, σ equals their distribution's standard deviation divided by n 1 ⁄ 2, and n is the number of random variables. The standard deviation therefore is simply a scaling variable that adjusts how broad the curve will be, though it also appears in the normalizing constant.

  5. Power of two - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_of_two

    Two to the power of n, written as 2 n, is the number of values in which the bits in a binary word of length n can be set, where each bit is either of two values. A word, interpreted as representing an integer in a range starting at zero, referred to as an "unsigned integer", can represent values from 0 (000...000 2) to 2 n − 1 (111...111 2) inclusively.

  6. John von Neumann - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_von_Neumann

    Von Neumann's model of an expanding economy considered the matrix pencil A − λB with nonnegative matrices A and B; von Neumann sought probability vectors p and q and a positive number λ that would solve the complementarity equation () = along with two inequality systems expressing economic efficiency.

  7. Global Positioning System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System

    The week number is transmitted as a ten-bit field in the C/A and P(Y) navigation messages, and so it becomes zero again every 1,024 weeks (19.6 years). GPS week zero started at 00:00:00 UTC (00:00:19 TAI) on January 6, 1980, and the week number became zero again for the first time at 23:59:47 UTC on August 21, 1999 (00:00:19 TAI on August 22 ...

  8. Atlanta - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta

    Atlanta (/ æ t ˈ l æ n t ə / ⓘ at-LAN-tə) [14] is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia.It is the seat of Fulton County, and a portion of the city extends into neighboring DeKalb County.

  9. COVID-19 pandemic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic

    Semi-log plot of weekly new cases of COVID-19 in the world and the top six countries in 2022 Test positivity rate One measure that public health officials and policymakers have used to monitor the pandemic and guide decision-making is the test positivity rate ("percent positive").