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Enculturation is the process where the culture that is currently established teaches an individual the accepted norms and values of the culture or society where the individual lives. The individual can become an accepted member and fulfill the needed functions and roles of the group.
Banks 2005 proposed that the culture of teachers must ;adopt specific principles if multicultural education is to succeed: Teachers' personal beliefs must support multicultural education. Teachers must knowledge that beyond the official curriculum, a latent curriculum promotes norms that may not be articulated but that are understood and expected.
A hidden curriculum is a set of lessons "which are learned but not openly intended" [1] to be taught in school such as the norms, values, and beliefs conveyed in both the classroom and social environment. [2] In many cases, it occurs as a result of social interactions and expectations. Any type of learning experience may include unintended ...
Culturally relevant teaching is instruction that takes into account students' cultural differences. Making education culturally relevant is thought to improve academic achievement, [1] but understandings of the construct have developed over time [2] Key characteristics and principles define the term, and research has allowed for the development and sharing of guidelines and associated teaching ...
Resocialization can be an intense experience, with individuals experiencing a sharp break with their past, as well as a need to learn and be exposed to radically different norms and values. One common example involves resocialization through a total institution, or "a setting in which people are isolated from the rest of society and manipulated ...
Educational and disciplinary inequalities are complex and multi-faceted, but there have been many proposals to reduce disparities. Some researchers suggest that improving relationships between students and teachers, as well as the overall school culture, can better support minority students and provide a foundation for other reforms. [139]
Oppositional culture, also known as the "blocked opportunities framework" or the "caste theory of education", is a term most commonly used in studying the sociology of education to explain racial disparities in educational achievement, particularly between white and black Americans.
[12] [7] In this definition, norms have an "oughtness" quality to them. [12] [7] Michael Hechter and Karl-Dieter Opp define norms as "cultural phenomena that prescribe and proscribe behavior in specific circumstances." [13] Sociologists Christine Horne and Stefanie Mollborn define norms as "group-level evaluations of behavior."