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Cholesteryl ester is transported from high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) to low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) with cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). [5] The decrease in cholesteryl ester can lower HDL and increase LDL, which may be an indicator of cardiovascular problems, as indicated by ...
Cholesterol is the principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. [3] [4]Cholesterol is biosynthesized by all animal cells [citation needed] and is an essential structural and signaling component of animal cell membranes.
In humans, probably the most relevant pathway is the indirect one, which is mediated by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). [2] This protein exchanges triglycerides of VLDL against cholesteryl esters of HDL. As the result, VLDLs are processed to LDL, which are removed from the circulation by the LDL receptor pathway.
LDL circulates and is absorbed by the liver and peripheral cells. Binding of LDL to its target tissue occurs through an interaction between the LDL receptor and apolipoprotein B-100 on the LDL particle. Absorption occurs through endocytosis, and the internalized LDL particles are hydrolyzed within lysosomes, releasing lipids, chiefly cholesterol.
Good sources of phytosterols include unprocessed (or cold-pressed) extra-virgin olive, sesame, safflower, and sunflower oils—about 3 tablespoons of which should be consumed daily, according to ...
A new study compared the effects of a keto diet and a diet low in added sugars and found the keto diet was associated with raised "bad" cholesterol and changes in the gut microbiome. Both diets ...
The cholesterol is converted to cholesteryl esters by the enzyme LCAT (lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase). The cholesteryl esters can be transferred, with the help of CETP ( cholesterylester transfer protein ) in exchange for triglycerides, to other lipoproteins (such as LDL and VLDL), and these lipoproteins can be taken up by secreting ...
A good clinical interpretation of blood lipid levels is that high LDL, in combination with a high amount of triglycerides, which indicates a high likelihood of the LDL being oxidised, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.