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Scandium-stabilized zirconia enjoys a growing market demand for use as a high-efficiency electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells. [citation needed] The USGS reports that, from 2015 to 2019 in the US, the price of small quantities of scandium ingot has been $107 to $134 per gram, and that of scandium oxide $4 to $5 per gram. [34]
3) or yttrium oxide sulfide (Y 2 O 2 S) host lattice doped with europium (III) cation (Eu 3+) phosphors. [15] [9] [i] The red color itself is emitted from the europium while the yttrium collects energy from the electron gun and passes it to the phosphor. [68] Yttrium compounds can serve as host lattices for doping with different lanthanide cations.
Scandium(III) oxide or scandia is a inorganic compound with formula Sc 2 O 3.It is one of several oxides of rare earth elements with a high melting point.It is used in the preparation of other scandium compounds as well as in high-temperature systems (for its resistance to heat and thermal shock), electronic ceramics, and glass composition (as a helper material).
The rare-earth elements (REE), also called the rare-earth metals or rare earths, and sometimes the lanthanides or lanthanoids (although scandium and yttrium, which do not belong to this series, are usually included as rare earths), [1] are a set of 17 nearly indistinguishable lustrous silvery-white soft heavy metals.
The chemistry of scandium is almost completely dominated by the trivalent ion, Sc 3+, due to its electron configuration, [Ar] 3d 1 4s 2. The radii of M 3+ ions in the table below indicate that the chemical properties of scandium ions have more in common with yttrium ions than with aluminium ions. In part because of this similarity, scandium is ...
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Scandium oxide is amphoteric; lutetium oxide is more basic (although it can with difficulty be made to display some acidic properties), and yttrium oxide is more basic still. [58] Salts with strong acids of these metals are soluble, whereas those with weak acids (e.g. fluorides, phosphates, oxalates) are sparingly soluble or insoluble. [53]
Yttrium oxide is used to stabilize the Zirconia in late-generation porcelain-free metal-free dental ceramics. This is a very hard ceramic used as a strong base material in some full ceramic restorations. [9] The zirconia used in dentistry is zirconium oxide which has been stabilized with the addition of yttrium oxide. The full name of zirconia ...