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A comprehensive definition could be: "Circular economy is an economic system that targets zero waste and pollution throughout materials lifecycles, from environment extraction to industrial transformation, and final consumers, applying to all involved ecosystems.
Directional statistics (also circular statistics or spherical statistics) is the subdiscipline of statistics that deals with directions (unit vectors in Euclidean space, R n), axes (lines through the origin in R n) or rotations in R n. More generally, directional statistics deals with observations on compact Riemannian manifolds including the ...
The circular flow of income or circular flow is a model of the economy in which the major exchanges are represented as flows of money, goods and services, etc. between economic agents. The flows of money and goods exchanged in a closed circuit correspond in value, but run in the opposite direction.
Econometric software – redirects to Comparison of statistical packages; Economic data; Economic epidemiology; Economic statistics; Eddy covariance; Edgeworth series; Effect size; Efficiency (statistics) Efficient estimator; Ehrenfest model; Elastic map; Elliptical distribution; Ellsberg paradox; Elston–Stewart algorithm; EMG distribution ...
In macroeconomic models in environmental economics, the economic system is dependant upon the environment. In this case, the circular flow of income diagram may be replaced by a more complex flow diagram reflecting the input of solar energy, which sustains natural inputs and environmental services which are then used as units of production ...
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Circular_statistics&oldid=154574464"This page was last edited on 30 August 2007, at 11:16
In statistics, circular analysis is the selection of the details of a data analysis using the data that is being analysed. It is often referred to as double dipping, as one uses the same data twice. Circular analysis unjustifiably inflates the apparent statistical strength of any results reported and, at the most extreme, can lead to the ...
A pie chart (or a circle chart) is a circular statistical graphic which is divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportion. In a pie chart, the arc length of each slice (and consequently its central angle and area ) is proportional to the quantity it represents.