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  2. Quinine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinine

    Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis. [5] ... In Italy, the traditional flavoured wine Barolo Chinato is infused with quinine and local herbs, ...

  3. Jesuit's bark - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuit's_bark

    Jesuit's bark, also known as cinchona bark, Peruvian bark or China bark, is a former remedy for malaria, as the bark contains quinine used to treat the disease. [1] The bark of several species of the genus Cinchona , family Rubiaceae indigenous to the western Andes of South America, was introduced to Jesuit missionaries during the 17th century ...

  4. Quinquina - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinquina

    Quinquina is an aromatised wine, a variety of apéritif.Traditionally quinquinas contain cinchona, which provides quinine, introduced to Europe from Peru in the 17th century by Spanish missionaries, [citation needed] and used both in treating malaria [1] and as the principal ingredient in tonic water.

  5. Bernardino Ramazzini - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardino_Ramazzini

    Bernardino Ramazzini (Italian pronunciation: [bernarˈdino ramat'tsini]; 4 October 1633 – 5 November 1714) was an Italian physician.. Ramazzini, along with Francesco Torti, was an early proponent of the use of cinchona bark (from which quinine is derived) in the treatment of malaria.

  6. Tonic water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonic_water

    The quinine in tonic water will fluoresce under ultraviolet light. In fact, quinine will visibly fluoresce in direct sunlight against a dark background. [19] The quinine molecules release energy as light instead of heat, which is more common. The state is not stable, and the molecules will eventually return to a ground state and no longer glow ...

  7. Cocchi Americano - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocchi_Americano

    Cocchi Americano (pronounced: /ˈkɔkki ameriˈkano/) is a quinine-flavored aperitif wine produced by Giulio Cocchi Spumanti in the Asti province of Italy. [2] Cocchi Americano is a variety of Americano. [3] The wine was developed by Giulio Cocchi, and production began in 1891.

  8. Pontine Marshes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontine_Marshes

    The Pontine Marshes (/ ˈ p ɒ n t aɪ n / PON-tyne, US also / ˈ p ɒ n t iː n / PON-teen; Italian: Agro Pontino [ˈaːɡro ponˈtiːno], formerly also Paludi Pontine; Latin: Pomptīnus Ager [sg.] by Titus Livius, [1] Pomptīna Palus [sg.] and Pomptīnae Paludes [pl.] by Pliny the Elder [2] [3]) is an approximately quadrangular area of former ...

  9. Quinine total synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinine_total_synthesis

    The subject has also been attended with some controversy: Gilbert Stork published the first stereoselective total synthesis of quinine in 2001, meanwhile shedding doubt on the earlier claim by Robert Burns Woodward and William Doering in 1944, claiming that the final steps required to convert their last synthetic intermediate, quinotoxine, into ...