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(As a sub-packaged unit, a stick of butter, at 1 ⁄ 4 lb [113 g], is a de facto measure in the US.) Some recipes may specify butter amounts called a pat (1 - 1.5 tsp) [26] or a knob (2 tbsp). [27] Cookbooks in Canada use the same system, although pints and gallons would be taken as their Imperial quantities unless specified otherwise ...
Acidified buttermilk is a substitute made by adding a food-grade acid, such as white vinegar or lemon juice, to milk. [11] It can be produced by mixing 1 tablespoon (0.5 US fluid ounces, 15 ml) of acid with 1 cup (8 US fluid ounces, 240 ml) of milk and letting it sit until it curdles after about 10 minutes.
In a recipe, the baker's percentage for water is referred to as the "hydration"; it is indicative of the stickiness of the dough and the "crumb" of the bread. Lower hydration rates (e.g., 50–57%) are typical for bagels and pretzels , and medium hydration levels (58–65%) are typical for breads and rolls . [ 25 ]
Powdered milk, also called milk powder, [1] dried milk, or dry milk, is a manufactured dairy product made by evaporating milk to dryness. One purpose of drying milk is to preserve it; milk powder has a far longer shelf life than liquid milk and does not need to be refrigerated , due to its low moisture content.
Common tablespoons intended for use as cutlery (called dessert spoons in the UK, where a tablespoon is always a serving spoon) usually hold 7–14mL (about 0·25–0·49 imperial fluid ounce or 0·24–0·47 US fluid ounce), [5] considerably less than some tablespoons used for serving.
Water content of dairy products is quite variable. Butter is 15% water. Cow's milk ranges between 88 and 86% water. Swiss cheese is 37% percent water. [3] The water content of milk and dairy products varies with the percentage of butterfat so that whole milk has the lowest percentage of water and skimmed milk has the highest.
Klim was developed as a dehydrated whole-milk powder for use in the tropics, where ordinary milk tended to spoil quickly. It soon became a staple of scientific explorers, geologists, soldiers, and other jungle travelers who needed a lightweight dry ration that would keep for several days in high heat and humidity, even when decanted from its container.
Nutrient content of 10 major staple foods per 100 g dry weight [1] Staple Maize (corn) Rice, white Wheat Potatoes Cassava Soybeans, green Sweet potatoes Yams Sorghum Plantain RDA; Water content (%) 10 12 13 79: 60 68 77 70 9 65 Raw grams per 100 g dry weight 111: 114: 115: 476: 250: 313: 435: 333: 110: 286: Nutrient; Energy (kJ) 1698: 1736 ...