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The Modigliani–Miller theorem (of Franco Modigliani, Merton Miller) is an influential element of economic theory; it forms the basis for modern thinking on capital structure. [1] The basic theorem states that in the absence of taxes , bankruptcy costs, agency costs , and asymmetric information , and in an efficient market , the enterprise ...
The Modigliani–Miller theorem states that dividend policy does not influence the value of the firm. [4] The theory, more generally, is framed in the context of capital structure, and states that — in the absence of taxes, bankruptcy costs, agency costs, and asymmetric information, and in an efficient market — the enterprise value of a firm is unaffected by how that firm is financed: i.e ...
A further and related observation is that these dividends attract a higher tax rate as compared, e.g., to capital gains from the firm repurchasing shares as an alternative payout policy. For other considerations, see dividend policy and Pecking order theory. A range of explanations is provided.
The Modigliani–Miller theorem, proposed by Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller in 1958, forms the basis for modern academic thinking on capital structure. It is generally viewed as a purely theoretical result since it disregards many important factors in the capital structure process factors like fluctuations and uncertain situations that may ...
Reducing debt can also produce a de facto dividend; assuming the value of the firm remains the same, shareholder value is increased as debt is reduced. To understand how debt reduction increases shareholder value , it is helpful to consider the 1958 paper by Nobel laureates Franco Modigliani and Merton H. Miller entitled The Cost of Capital ...
According to the Corporate Finance Institute, "the founding philosophy of homemade leverage is the Modigliani–Miller theorem, which assumes an efficient market and the absence of corporate taxes and bankruptcy costs." [3] Investors take this concept and use it to “recreate a leverage scenario using a portion of their investments.
If the stock does not currently pay a dividend, like many growth stocks, more general versions of the discounted dividend model must be used to value the stock. One common technique is to assume that the Modigliani–Miller hypothesis of dividend irrelevance is true, and therefore replace the stock's dividend D with E earnings per share ...
While there are a number of different theories regarding the puzzle, there still exists no definitive agreement on its cause. [7] Dividend puzzle: The dividend puzzle is the empirically observed phenomenon that companies that pay dividends tend to be rewarded by investors with higher valuations. At present, there is no explanation widely ...