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As another example, a regulation might limit the concentration of particulate matter to 0.1 grain per standard cubic foot (i.e., scf) of dry exhaust gas corrected to 12 volume percent CO 2. Environmental agencies in the USA often denote a standard cubic foot of dry gas as "dscf" or as "scfd".
Some express the concentrations as ppmv (parts per million by volume) and some express the concentrations as mg/m 3 (milligrams per cubic meter), while others require adjusting or correcting the concentrations to reference conditions of moisture content, oxygen content or carbon dioxide content.
Its units are in parts per million (ppm) for gases and in milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m 3) for particulates such as dust, smoke and mist. The basic formula for converting between ppm and mg/m 3 for gases is ppm = (mg/m^3) * 24.45 / molecular weight. This formula is not applicable to airborne particles.
At 10 000 ppm the solution is a deep red colour. As the concentration decreases the colour becomes orange, then a vibrant yellow, with the final 1 ppm sample a very pale yellow. In science and engineering , the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to describe small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities , e.g. mole fraction or ...
The amount of pollutant present in air is usually expressed as a concentration, measured in either parts-per notation (usually parts per billion, ppb, or parts per million, ppm, also known as the volume mixing ratio), or micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m³).
[14] [15] Otherwise, water hardness is measured in the dimensionless unit of parts per million (ppm), numerically equivalent to concentration measured in milligrams per litre. [14] [15] One grain per U.S. gallon is approximately 17.1 ppm. [14] [note 1] Soft water contains 1–4 gpg of calcium carbonate equivalents, while hard water contains 11 ...
where TDS is expressed in mg/L and EC is the electrical conductivity in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 °C. The conversion factor k e varies between 0.55 and 0.8. [5] Some TDS meters use an electrical conductivity measurement to the ppm using the above formula. Regarding units, 1 ppm indicates 1 mg of dissolved solids per 1,000 g of water. [6]
For chemicals, STEL assessments are usually done for 15 minutes and expressed in parts per million (ppm), or sometimes in milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m 3). [4] The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists publishes a more extensive list of STELs as threshold limit values (TLV-STEL). [5]