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Boxed products made from bioplastics and other biodegradable plastics. Few commercial applications exist for bioplastics. Cost and performance remain problematic. Typical is the example of Italy, where biodegradable plastic bags are compulsory for shoppers since 2011 with the introduction of a specific law. [16]
The waste management infrastructure currently recycles regular plastic waste, incinerates it, or places it in a landfill. Mixing biodegradable plastics into the regular waste infrastructure poses some dangers to the environment. [36] Thus, it is crucial to identify how to correctly decompose alternative plastic materials.
In typical parlance, the word biodegradable is distinct in meaning from compostable.While biodegradable simply means an object is capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms, "compostable" in the plastic industry is defined as able to decompose in aerobic environments that are maintained under specific controlled temperature and humidity conditions.
The adoption of reusable plastic containers will amount to an approximate annual increase of 0.058 euros/kg of delivered goods. [6] The cost associated with reusable plastic containers are packaging purchasing costs, transportation costs, labor/handling costs, management costs, and costs resulting from losses. [6]
Furthermore, plastic bottles and plastic bags that end up in landfills are frequently consumed by animals, which then clogs their digestive systems and leads to death. [4] Because of the substantial growth in plastic consumption, biodegradable additives are becomingly increasingly necessary to increase the rate of degradability of common plastics.
Woodruff also raises the concern that rising rates of younger people diagnosed with colon cancer and other cancers related to the gastrointestinal tract could be linked to ingested plastics and ...
Polyhydroxyalkanoatesas an example, have a degradation period for up to three to six months. Last, the cost issue. The production technology of biodegradable polymer is still immature, the cost of resources such as labor and raw materials in large production quantity scale will be comparably high.
These plastics are biodegradable and are used in the production of bioplastics. [ 3 ] They can be either thermoplastic or elastomeric materials, [ citation needed ] with melting points ranging from 40 to 180 °C.