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  2. Biopolymer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopolymer

    Polypeptides include proteins and shorter polymers of amino acids; some major examples include collagen, actin, and fibrin. Polysaccharides are linear or branched chains of sugar carbohydrates; examples include starch, cellulose, and alginate.

  3. Amino acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid

    The hydroxyl of tyrosine can deprotonate at high pH forming the negatively charged phenolate. Because of this one could place tyrosine into the polar, uncharged amino acid category, but its very low solubility in water matches the characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids well.

  4. Polymer backbone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer_backbone

    The sequence of the amino acids in the polypeptide backbone is known as the primary structure of the protein. Like almost all polymers, protein fold and twist, forming into the secondary structure, which is rigidified by hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl oxygens and amide hydrogens in the backbone, i.e. C=O---HN. Further interactions ...

  5. Polymerization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerization

    Step-growth polymers increase in molecular weight at a very slow rate at lower conversions and reach moderately high molecular weights only at very high conversion (i.e., >95%). Solid state polymerization to afford polyamides (e.g., nylons) is an example of step-growth polymerization.

  6. Amino acid N-carboxyanhydride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid_N-carboxyanhydride

    Amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides, also called Leuchs' anhydrides, are a family of heterocyclic organic compounds derived from amino acids. They are white, moisture-reactive solids. They have been evaluated for applications the field of biomaterials. [1] [2] [3]

  7. Polyamide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamide

    In the diagram below, consider the amino-acids as single aliphatic monomers reacting with identical molecules to form a polyamide, focusing on solely the amine and acid groups. Ignore the substituent R groups – under the assumption the difference between the R groups are negligible: The reaction of two amino acids.

  8. Protein primary structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_primary_structure

    In general, polypeptides are unbranched polymers, so their primary structure can often be specified by the sequence of amino acids along their backbone. However, proteins can become cross-linked, most commonly by disulfide bonds , and the primary structure also requires specifying the cross-linking atoms, e.g., specifying the cysteines involved ...

  9. Proteinoid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinoid

    When present in certain concentrations in aqueous solutions, proteinoids form small microspheres. This is because some of the amino acids incorporated into proteinoid chains are more hydrophobic than others, and so proteinoids cluster together like droplets of oil in water. These structures exhibit a few characteristics of living cells: An ...