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The 6-inch howitzer was used extensively during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars, but its first major operational use was even earlier, during the American Revolutionary War, in General Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau's French expeditionary corps in 1780–1782, and especially at the Siege of Yorktown ...
152 mm howitzer BL 6-inch 30 cwt howitzer United Kingdom: 152 mm howitzer 6-inch howitzer M1908 United States: 152 mm howitzer 6-inch siege gun M1877 Russian Empire: 152 mm siege gun 6-inch siege gun M1904 Russian Empire: 152 mm siege gun 7 cm Gebirgsgeschütz M 99 Austria-Hungary: 70 mm mountain gun 7.5 cm FK 7M85 Nazi Germany: 75 mm field gun
In the period before the Civil War, a U.S. Army light artillery battery was organized with four M1841 6-pounder field guns and two M1841 12-pounder howitzers. [1] The field gun fired solid iron cannon balls in a flat trajectory to smash its targets [2] while the howitzer was designed to lob hollow shells into massed formations or fortifications. [3]
The most famous of these "gun-howitzers" was the Napoleon 12-pounder, a weapon of French design that was extensively used in the American Civil War. [20] 12-pound Napoleon at the Colorado State Capitol Nineteenth-century 12-pounder (5 kg) mountain howitzer displayed by the National Park Service at Fort Laramie in Wyoming, United States
The Armies of the First French Republic and the Rise of the Marshals of Napoleon I: The Armée du Nord. Vol. 1. Pickle Partners Publishing. ISBN 978-1-908692-24-5. Pivka, Otto von (1979). Armies of the Napoleonic Era. New York: Taplinger Publishing. ISBN 0-8008-5471-3. Rothenberg, Gunther (1980). The Art of War in the Age of Napoleon ...
The "12-pounder Napoleon" was widely admired because of its safety, reliability, and killing power, especially at close range. It was the last cast bronze gun used by an American army. The Union version of the Napoleon can be recognized by the flared front end of the barrel, called the muzzle swell. Confederate Napoleons were produced in at ...
The rupture in the enemy lines allowed Napoleon's cavalry to flank both lines and roll them up leaving his opponent no choice but to surrender or flee. The second strategy used by Napoleon when confronted with two or more enemy armies was the use of the central position. This allowed Napoleon to drive a wedge to separate the enemy armies.
The Canon de 12 Gribeauval or 12-pounder was a French cannon and part of the system developed by Jean Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval.There were 1.079 English pounds in the Old French pound (French: livre), making the weight of shot nearly 13 English pounds.