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Standard input is a stream from which a program reads its input data. The program requests data transfers by use of the read operation. Not all programs require stream input. For example, the dir and ls programs (which display file names contained in a directory) may take command-line arguments, but perform their operations without any stream ...
PHP uses argc as a count of arguments and argv as an array containing the values of the arguments. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] To create an array from command-line arguments in the -foo:bar format, the following might be used:
The -in place of a filename causes comm to use its standard input (from the pipe line in this case). sort /usr/share/dict/words sorts the contents of the words file alphabetically, as comm expects, and <( ... ) outputs the results to a temporary file (via process substitution), which comm reads. The result is a list of words (lines) that are ...
In computing, command substitution is a facility that allows a command to be run and its output to be pasted back on the command line as arguments to another command. Command substitution first appeared in the Bourne shell , [ 1 ] introduced with Version 7 Unix in 1979, and has remained a characteristic of all later Unix shells .
A simplified but non-POSIX conforming form of the command, command > file 2 > & 1 is (not available in Bourne Shell prior to version 4, final release, or in the standard shell Debian Almquist shell used in Debian/Ubuntu): command & >file or command > & file. It is possible to use 2>&1 before ">" but the result is commonly misunderstood. The ...
The BEGIN is necessary not only to extract the first argument, but also to prevent it from being interpreted as a filename after the BEGIN block ends. ARGC, the number of arguments, is always guaranteed to be ≥1, as ARGV[0] is the name of the command that executed the script, most often the string "awk". ARGV[ARGC] is the empty string, "".
An MS-DOS command line, illustrating parsing into command and arguments. A command-line argument or parameter is an item of information provided to a program when it is started. [20] A program can have many command-line arguments that identify sources or destinations of information, or that alter the operation of the program.
Every pipe is placed in the root directory of the named pipe filesystem (NPFS), mounted under the special path \\.\pipe\ (that is, a pipe named "foo" would have a full path name of \\.\pipe\foo). Anonymous pipes used in pipelining are actually named pipes with a random name. They are very rarely seen by users, but there are notable exceptions.