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The term is also used for collapse of rock from roof or walls of mine or quarry workings. "A rockfall is a fragment of rock (a block) detached by sliding, toppling, or falling, that falls along a vertical or sub-vertical cliff, proceeds down slope by bouncing and flying along ballistic trajectories or by rolling on talus or debris slopes." [2]
Debris (UK: / ˈ d ɛ b r iː, ˈ d eɪ b r iː /, US: / d ə ˈ b r iː /) is rubble, wreckage, ruins, litter and discarded garbage/refuse/trash, scattered remains of something destroyed, or, as in geology, large rock fragments left by a melting glacier, etc. Depending on context, debris can refer to a number of different things.
Rock, earth and debris are the terms generally used to distinguish the materials involved in the landslide process. For example, the distinction between earth and debris is usually made by comparing the percentage of coarse grain size fractions.
Mass wasting, also known as mass movement, [1] is a general term for the movement of rock or soil down slopes under the force of gravity. It differs from other processes of erosion in that the debris transported by mass wasting is not entrained in a moving medium, such as water, wind, or ice.
A rockslide is a type of landslide caused by rock failure in which part of the bedding plane of failure passes through compacted rock and material collapses en masse and not in individual blocks. Note that a rockslide is similar to an avalanche because they are both slides of debris that can bury a piece of land.
They can be in the form of debris avalanches, debris flows, slumps and rockfalls. [7] [8] A debris avalanche is a sudden, very rapid flow of rock and soil in response to gravity. It is a common middle stage in the transformation of a cohesive debris flow from a landslide or rockslide.
The basic mechanism of debris fallout is debris lofted by a tornado's updraft winds high into the atmosphere. [4] Charles E. Anderson completed the first study focusing on debris fallout on the F5 1984 Barneveld tornado, which produced a large survey revealing a trail of paper debris as wide as 23 mi (37 km) at 110 mi (180 km) from Barneveld and a roughly 85 mi (137 km) long path of heavy ...
The term scree is applied both to an unstable steep mountain slope composed of rock fragments and other debris, and to the mixture of rock fragments and debris itself. [1] [2] [3] It is loosely synonymous with talus, material that accumulates at the base of a projecting mass of rock, [2] [4] or talus slope, a landform composed of talus. [5]