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Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is the principal antioxidant in mitochondria. Several enzymes activated by manganese contribute to the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and cholesterol. [2] A deficiency of manganese causes skeletal deformation in animals and inhibits the production of collagen in wound healing. [3]
Manganese oxide is used as an oxidising agent; as a rubber additive; and in glass making, fertilisers, and ceramics. Manganese sulfate can be used as a fungicide. Manganese is also an essential human dietary element, important in macronutrient metabolism, bone formation, and free radical defense systems.
Manganese deficiency in humans, which is rare, results in a number of medical problems. Many common vitamin and mineral supplement products fail to include manganese in their compositions. Relatively high dietary intake of other minerals such as iron, magnesium, and calcium may inhibit the proper intake of manganese.
Potassium permanganate, however, does not have FDA approved uses and therefore non medical grade potassium permanganate is sometimes used for medical purposes. [citation needed] It is available under a number of brand names including Permasol, Koi Med Tricho-Ex, and Kalii permanganas RFF. [33] It is occasionally called "Condy's crystals". [34]
Potassium permanganate, however, does not have FDA approved uses and therefore non medical grade potassium permanganate is sometimes used for medical use. [citation needed] It is available under a number of brand names including Permasol, Koi Med Tricho-Ex, and Kalii permanganas RFF. [21] It is occasionally called "Condy's crystals". [15]
Rice water is also rich in various nutrients, including Vitamin B, Vitamin E, magnesium, manganese, zinc and fiber, Khetarpal says. Zinc is an important cofactor in the hair growth cycle.
[59] [60] Manganese(II) ions are often used as a contrast agent in animal studies, often called MEMRI (manganese-enhanced MRI). [61] Because Mn 2+ ions can enter cells through calcium transport channels, it has been used for functional brain imaging. [62] Manganese(III) chelates with porphyrins and phthalocyanines have also been studied. [57]
Manganese carbonate is widely used as an additive to plant fertilizers to cure manganese deficient crops. It is also used in health foods, in ceramics as a glaze colorant and flux, and in concrete stains. [5] It is used in medicine as a hematinic.