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Ice cap climate is the world's coldest climate, and includes the coldest places on Earth. With an average temperature of −55.2 °C (−67.4 °F), Vostok, Antarctica is the coldest place in the world, and has also recorded the lowest temperature, −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F). [ 3 ]
Ice caps accumulate snow on their upper surfaces, and ablate snow on their lower surfaces. [6] An ice cap in equilibrium accumulates and ablates snow at the same rate. The AAR is the ratio between the accumulation area and the total area of the ice cap, which is used to indicate the health of the glacier. [6]
F (Ice cap) The Köppen climate classification scheme divides climates into five main climate groups: A (tropical), B (arid), C (temperate), D (continental), and E (polar). [ 12 ] The second letter indicates the seasonal precipitation type, while the third letter indicates the level of heat. [ 13 ]
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The Karpinsky Ice Cap is located on the eastern side of the island with the Laptev Sea and the Shokalsky Strait on its eastern side. To the north it feeds the Matusevich Fjord , the largest fjord in the archipelago [ 2 ] —beyond which lies the Rusanov Glacier , and to the southeast it feeds the head of the smaller Marat Fjord .
The Quelccaya ice cap [a] extends up to 17 kilometres (11 mi) from the north to south and between 3 and 5 kilometres (1.9 and 3.1 mi) from east to west. [28] Quelccaya is a low-elevation ice cap that rises above the surrounding terrain; [13] [34] the ice cap lies at 5,200–5,700 metres (17,100–18,700 ft) elevation. [35]
Between 1989 and 2015, even allowing for that last years increase, the icecap had lost about 12% of its 1989 volume which is close to 25 km 3 (6.0 cu mi) of ice. [9] Hofsjökull has been modelled to lose all its ice in about 200 years from studies using data between 1980 and 2005. [ 10 ]
Iceland as seen from space, with Vatnajökull appearing as the largest white area to the lower right. Vatnajökull (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈvahtnaˌjœːkʏtl̥] ⓘ, literally "Glacier of Lakes"; sometimes translated as Vatna Glacier in English) is the largest and most voluminous ice cap in Iceland, and the second largest in area in Europe after the Severny Island ice cap of Novaya Zemlya ...