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Pada adeg and pada pisélèh may be used to indicate insertion in the middle of sentences similar to parentheses or quotation marks, while pada pangkat has a similar function to the colon. Pada rangkap is sometimes used as an iteration mark for reduplicated words (for example kata-kata ꦏꦠꦏꦠ → kata2 ꦏꦠꧏ) [54]
The Old Javanese–English Dictionary, written by Professor P.J. Zoetmulder in 1982, contains approximately 25,500 entries, no fewer than 12,500 of which are borrowed from Sanskrit. This large number is not an indication of usage, but it is an indication that the Ancient Javanese knew and employed these Sanskrit words in their literary works.
An imperative, in contrast, generally applies to the listener. When a language is said to have a jussive, the jussive forms are different from the imperative ones, but may be the same as the forms called "subjunctive" in that language. Latin and Hindi are examples of where the jussive is simply about certain specific uses of the subjunctive.
Imperative mood is often expressed using special conjugated verb forms. Like other finite verb forms, imperatives often inflect for person and number.Second-person imperatives (used for ordering or requesting performance directly from the person being addressed) are most common, but some languages also have imperative forms for the first and third persons (alternatively called cohortative and ...
The word Jawa written in Javanese script Two Javanese speakers, recorded in Indonesia. Javanese (/ ˌ dʒ ɑː v ə ˈ n iː z / JAH-və-NEEZ, [3] / dʒ æ v ə-/ JAV-ə-, /-ˈ n iː s /- NEESS; [4] basa Jawa, Javanese script: ꦧꦱꦗꦮ, Pegon: باسا جاوا , IPA: [bɔsɔ d͡ʒɔwɔ]) is an Austronesian language spoken primarily by the Javanese people from the central and eastern ...
The words are either directly borrowed from India or through the intermediary of the Old Javanese language. In the classical language of Java, Old Javanese, the number of Sanskrit loanwords is far greater. The Old Javanese — English dictionary by Prof. P.J. Zoetmulder, S.J. (1982) contains no fewer than 25,500 entries. Almost half are ...
Pegon (Javanese and Sundanese: اَكسارا ڤَيڮَون , Aksara Pégon; also known as اَبجَد ڤَيڮَون , Abjad Pégon, Madurese: أبجاْد ڤَيگو, Abjâd Pèghu) [3] is a modified Arabic script used to write the Javanese, Sundanese, and Madurese languages, as an alternative to the Latin script or the Javanese script [4] and the Old Sundanese script. [5]
If the person in control of the desired state of affairs is the addressee(s), the utterance is an imperative. In any other case, it is a hortative. Consider the following examples: May he live a hundred years! (optative) Sing! (imperative) Let's sing! (hortative) (1) illustrates an optative.