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A chemical restraint is a form of medical restraint in which a drug is used to restrict the freedom or movement of a patient or in some cases to sedate the patient. Chemical restraint is used in emergency, acute, and psychiatric settings to perform surgery or to reduce agitation, aggression or violent behaviours; [a] it may also be used to control or punish unruly behaviours. [2]
Examples of preanesthetic agents are: Acepromazine [1]; atropine [1]; diazepam [1]; Scopolamine; Opioid analgesics, such as morphine, pethidine and buprenorphine.; These drugs are used before the administration of an anesthetic to improve patient comfort, reduce possible side effects such as Postanesthetic shivering, relieve pain, and increase the effectiveness of the anesthetic.
Thiazolidinedione ligand dependent transactivation is responsible for the majority of anti-diabetic effects. The activated PPAR/RXR heterodimer binds to peroxisome proliferator hormone response elements upstream of target genes in complex with a number of coactivators such as nuclear receptor coactivator 1 and CREB binding protein, this causes upregulation of genes (for a full list see PPARγ):
The term sedative describes drugs that serve to calm or relieve anxiety, whereas the term hypnotic describes drugs whose main purpose is to initiate, sustain, or lengthen sleep. Because these two functions frequently overlap, and because drugs in this class generally produce dose-dependent effects (ranging from anxiolysis to loss of ...
Quantiflex machine used to deliver oxygen and nitrous oxide gas for inhalation sedation. Inhalation sedation is a form of conscious sedation where an inhaled drug should: Depress the central nervous system (CNS) to an extent that surgeons can operate with minimal physiological and psychological stress to the patient
Drugs used in diabetes treat types of diabetes mellitus by decreasing glucose levels in the blood. With the exception of insulin , most GLP-1 receptor agonists ( liraglutide , exenatide , and others), and pramlintide , all diabetes medications are administered orally and are thus called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic agents.
In 2001, the FDA changed the labeling requirements for droperidol injection to include a Black Box Warning, citing concerns of QT prolongation and torsades de pointes.The evidence for this is disputed, with 9 reported cases of torsades in 30 years and all of those having received doses in excess of 5 mg. [9] QT prolongation is a dose-related effect, [10] and it appears that droperidol is not a ...
One of the most common drugs used in T2D, metformin is the drug of choice to help patients lower their blood sugar levels. Metformin is an example of a class of medicine called biguanides. [ 34 ] The medication works by reducing the new creation of glucose from the liver and by reducing absorption of sugar from food. [ 34 ]