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Free recoil / Frecoil is a vernacular term or jargon for recoil energy of a firearm not supported from behind. Free recoil denotes the translational kinetic energy (E t) imparted to the shooter of a small arm when discharged and is expressed in joules (J), or foot-pound force (ft·lb f) for non-SI units of measure.
Let m b and v b stand for the mass and velocity of the bullet, the latter just before hitting the target, and let m t and v t stand for the mass and velocity of the target after being hit. Conservation of momentum requires m b v b = m t v t. Solving for the target's velocity gives v t = m b v b / m t = 0.016 kg × 360 m/s / 77 kg = 0.07 m/s = 0 ...
The 9×19mm Parabellum (also known as 9mm Luger, 9mm NATO or simply 9mm) is a rimless, centerfire, tapered firearms cartridge. Originally designed by Austrian firearm designer Georg Luger in 1901, [ 6 ] it is widely considered the most popular handgun and submachine gun cartridge due to its low cost, adequate stopping power and extensive ...
The general formula for the kinetic energy is =, where v is the velocity of the bullet and m is the mass of the bullet. Although both mass and velocity contribute to the muzzle energy, the muzzle energy is proportional to the mass while proportional to the square of the velocity. The velocity of the bullet is a more important determinant of ...
9mm Major is a wildcat cartridge of the 9mm Luger specifically for competition pistols designed to handle very high pressure. It is used in practical shooting competitions like International Practical Shooting Confederation (IPSC) and United States Practical Shooting Association (USPSA) to achieve a "Major" power factor, which earns more points for hits in specific zones on paper targets ...
Light weight non-expanding projectiles pushed at a relatively high rate of speed are also utilized, generally for close ranged applications well inside 100 yards. The light for caliber bullets will transfer energy to a given medium more rapidly, yet with consistent penetration characteristics relative to their sectional density and a constant ...
Also, recoil can alternatively be measured by recoil velocity or recoil energy instead of by recoil impulse. An alternative formula for simplified recoil measurement which also takes into account firearm weight, gun powder weight and the velocity of the gun powder gases has been suggested: [ 6 ]
Adopted in 1912, the 9mm Steyr was the service ammunition for most branches of the military in Austria-Hungary during World War I and remained the service ammunition for Austria, Romania and Chile between the World Wars. [2] Some MP 34 submachine guns were also issued in this caliber in addition to 9×25mm Mauser.