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The University of Oklahoma (OU) is a public research university in Norman, Oklahoma, United States.Founded in 1890, it had existed in Oklahoma Territory near Indian Territory for 17 years before the two territories became the state of Oklahoma.
Sufism is the mystical branch of Islam in which Muslims seek divine love and truth through direct personal experience of God. [1] This mystic tradition within Islam developed in several stages of growth, emerging first in the form of early asceticism, based on the teachings of Hasan al-Basri, before entering the second stage of more classical mysticism of divine love, as promoted by al-Ghazali ...
Coleman Barks (born April 23, 1937) is an American poet and former literature faculty member at the University of Georgia. Although he neither speaks nor reads Persian , [ 1 ] he is a popular interpreter of Rumi , rewriting the poems based on other English translations.
Early on Sufism was known for its strict adherence to the sunnah, for example it was reported Bastami refused to eat a watermelon because he did not find any proof that Muhammad ever ate it. [ 48 ] [ 49 ] According to the late medieval mystic, the Persian poet Jami , [ 50 ] Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah (died c. 716) was the first ...
According to Sufi Muslims, it is a part of the Islamic teaching that deals with the purification of inner self and is the way which removes all the veils between the divine and humankind. It was around 1000 CE that early Sufi literature, in the form of manuals, treatises, discourses and poetry, became the source of Sufi thinking and meditations.
The order was founded by Abu Ishaq Shami ("the Syrian") who taught Sufism in the town of Chisht, some 95 miles east of Herat in present-day western Afghanistan. [14] Before returning to Syria, where he is now buried next to Ibn Arabi at Jabal Qasioun , [ 15 ] Shami initiated, trained and deputized the son of the local emir, Abu Ahmad Abdal. [ 16 ]
The Safaviyya, while initially founded Safi-ad-Din Ardabili under the Shafi'i school of Sunni Islam, later adoptions of Shia concepts by the children and grandchildren of Safi-ad-Din Ardabili resulted in the order becoming associated with Twelverism. [3] [4] Safī al-Din's importance in the order is attested in two letters by Rashid-al-Din ...
Another organization, known as Sufi Contact, was founded by the Dutch Sufi proponent Gauri Voute. Its structure is strictly egalitarian; hence, there is no central leader. [ citation needed ] Samuel Lewis founded a California-based organization named Sufi Islamia Ruhaniat Society .