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Linear or point-projection perspective (from Latin perspicere 'to see through') is one of two types of graphical projection perspective in the graphic arts; the other is parallel projection. [citation needed] [dubious – discuss] Linear perspective is an approximate representation, generally on a flat surface, of an image as it is seen by the eye.
Traditionally rendering techniques were taught in a "master class" practice (such as the École des Beaux-Arts), where a student works creatively with a mentor in the study of fine arts. Contemporary architects use hand-drawn sketches, pen and ink drawings, and watercolor renderings to represent their design with the vision of an artist.
This composition is a bijective map of the points of S 2 onto itself which preserves collinear points and is called a perspective collineation (central collineation in more modern terminology). [7] Let φ be a perspective collineation of S 2. Each point of the line of intersection of S 2 and T 2 will be fixed by φ and this line is called the ...
In 5-point perspective the vanishing points are mapped into a circle with 4 vanishing points at the cardinal headings N, W, S, E and one at the circle's origin. A reverse perspective is a drawing with vanishing points that are placed outside the painting with the illusion that they are "in front of" the painting.
Monge's original formulation uses two planes only and obtains the top and front views only. The addition of a third plane to show a side view (either left or right) is a modern extension. The terminology of quadrant is a mild anachronism, as a modern orthographic projection with three views corresponds more precisely to an octant of 3D space.
The weak-perspective model thus approximates perspective projection while using a simpler model, similar to the pure (unscaled) orthographic perspective. It is a reasonable approximation when the depth of the object along the line of sight is small compared to the distance from the camera, and the field of view is small.
From a 3-D perspective, rendering shadows is also much more realistic with vector graphics, as shadows can be abstracted into the rays of light from which they are formed. This allows for photorealistic images and renderings. For example, consider a circle of radius r. [14] The main pieces of information a program needs in order to draw this ...
Aerial perspective by Frans Koppelaar, Landscape near Bologna, 2001; distant objects are lighter, of lower contrast, and bluer than nearer objects. Airbrushing technique Aerial perspective technique