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The Battle of Fort Sumter (also the Attack on Fort Sumter or the Fall of Fort Sumter) (April 12–13, 1861) was the bombardment of Fort Sumter near Charleston, South Carolina, by the South Carolina militia. It ended with the surrender of the fort by the United States Army, beginning the American Civil War.
Fort Sumter is a sea fort built on an artificial island near Charleston, South Carolina, to defend the region from a naval invasion.It was built after British forces captured and occupied Washington during the War of 1812 via a naval attack.
Union efforts to retake Charleston Harbor began on April 7, 1863, when Rear Admiral Samuel Francis Du Pont, commander of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, led the ironclad frigate New Ironsides, the tower ironclad Keokuk, and the monitors Weehawken, Pasaic, Montauk, Patapsco, Nantucket, Catskill, and Nahant in an attack on the harbor's defenses (The 1863 Battle of Fort Sumter was the ...
The Second Battle of Charleston Harbor, however, resulted in Confederate abandonment of Fort Wagner by September 1863. An attempt to recapture Fort Sumter by a U.S. naval raiding party also failed severely. Still, Fort Sumter was gradually reduced to rubble via bombardment from shore batteries after the capture of Morris Island.
The first phase from July 10–18 includes the initial engagements at First Fort Wagner, Grimball's Landing and Second Fort Wagner. The second phase from July 19-September 8 includes siege operations against Charleston Harbor and Fort Sumter.
In the words of one of the participants in the naval attack, "Fort Sumter was regarded in the public mind, North and South, as the citadel of the fortress, the incarnation of the rebellion, and as such it was attacked and defended." [3] Among the most vocal proponents of the attack was Assistant Secretary of the Navy Gustavus Vasa Fox.
Robert Anderson (June 14, 1805 – October 26, 1871) was a United States Army officer during the American Civil War.He was the Union commander in the first battle of the American Civil War at Fort Sumter in April 1861 when the Confederates bombarded the fort and forced its surrender, starting the war.
The unit started its first services on Morris Island, SC, helping to build fortifications for the soon attack of Fort Sumter. They soon participated in the bombardment of Fort Sumter from Morris Island. Afterwards they were ordered to Virginia, but only four of the ten companies were to leave for Manassas, as the other six would not agree to leave.