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Acute respiratory distress syndrome is usually treated with mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU). Mechanical ventilation is usually delivered through a rigid tube which enters the oral cavity and is secured in the airway (endotracheal intubation), or by tracheostomy when prolonged ventilation (≥2 weeks) is necessary.
The pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome involves fluid accumulation in the lungs not explained by heart failure (noncardiogenic pulmonary edema). It is typically provoked by an acute injury to the lungs that results in flooding of the lungs' microscopic air sacs responsible for the exchange of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide with capillaries in the lungs. [1]
Double pneumonia is a historical term for acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). [15] However, the term was, and, especially by lay people, still is used to denote pneumonia affecting both lungs. Accordingly, the term double pneumonia is more likely to be used to describe bilateral pneumonia than it is ALI or ARDS.
There are two forms of respiratory distress syndrome: ARDS, which is acute (or adult) respiratory distress syndrome; Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), which is a complication of premature birth, also known as hyaline membrane disease (HMD) Also, respiratory distress can mean: Shortness of breath; Respiratory failure
Flail chest is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs when a segment of the rib cage breaks due to trauma and becomes detached from the rest of the chest wall.Two of the symptoms of flail chest are chest pain and shortness of breath.
Bronchopneumonia is a subtype of pneumonia.It is the acute inflammation of the bronchi, accompanied by inflamed patches in the nearby lobules of the lungs. [1]It is often contrasted with lobar pneumonia; but, in clinical practice, the types are difficult to apply, as the patterns usually overlap. [2]
Onset may be rapid (acute) or more gradual (subacute). [10] [2] Signs of cardiac tamponade typically include those of cardiogenic shock including shortness of breath, weakness, lightheadedness, cough [1] and those of Beck's triad e.g. jugular vein distention, quiet heart sounds and hypotension. Other symptoms may relate to the underlying cause. [1]
The European Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome highlight new possibilities for early detection, and therefore treatment of IRDS. [8] The guidelines mention an easy to use rapid point-of-care predictive test that is now available [ 9 ] and how lung ultrasound, with appropriate training, expertise and ...