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Because the mixture by definition is ignitable before inerting commence, it is imperative that the inerting procedure does not introduce a potential source of ignition, or an explosion will occur. NFPA 77 states [ 2 ] that carbon dioxide from high-pressure cylinders or fire extinguishers should never be used to inert a container or vessel.
A small amount of fuel in the tank leaves pumps on the floor of the tank exposed to the air-fuel mixture, and an electric pump is a potential ignition source. The explosion of a Thai Airways International Boeing 737 in 2001 and a Philippine Airlines 737 in 1990 also occurred in tanks that had a small amount of residual fuel.
The National Fire Protection Association (U.S.) specifically addresses the prevention of fires and dust explosions in agricultural and food products facilities in NFPA Code section 61, [23] and other industries in NFPA Code sections 651–664. [c] Collectors designed to reduce airborne dust account for more than 40 percent of all dust ...
Intrinsic safety (IS) is a protection technique for safe operation of electrical equipment in hazardous areas by limiting the energy, electrical and thermal, available for ignition. In signal and control circuits that can operate with low currents and voltages, the intrinsic safety approach simplifies circuits and reduces installation cost over ...
The potential energy stored in an explosive material may, for example, be: chemical energy, such as nitroglycerin or grain dust; pressurized gas, such as a gas cylinder, aerosol can, or boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion; nuclear energy, such as in the fissile isotopes uranium-235 and plutonium-239
Cases also exist where the ignition factor is not the activation energy. For example, a smoke explosion is a very violent combustion of unburned gases contained in the smoke created by a sudden fresh air input (oxidizer input). The interval in which an air/gas mix can burn is limited by the explosive limits of the air.
Statements which correspond to related hazards are grouped together by code number, so the numbering is not consecutive. The code is used for reference purposes, for example to help with translations, but it is the actual phrase which should appear on labels and safety data sheets. [5]
Alternatively, the ignition-limiting threshold is determined by performing a proper ignition test described in BSI PAS 95:2011 Hypoxic air fire prevention systems specification. [ 4 ] Smoke detectors are installed in protected volumes because, similar to gas suppression systems , hypoxic air does not prevent smoldering and pyrolyzing processes.