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The Aztecs [a] (/ ˈ æ z t ɛ k s / AZ-teks) were a Mesoamerican civilization that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. The Aztec people included different ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica from the 14th to the 16th centuries.
The Aztecs were conquered by Spain in 1521 after a long siege of the capital, Tenochtitlan, where much of the population died from hunger and smallpox. Cortés, with 508 Spaniards, did not fight alone but with as many as 150,000 or 200,000 allies from Tlaxcala , and eventually other Aztec tributary states.
The hegemonic nature of the Aztec empire can be seen in the fact that generally local rulers were restored to their positions once they conquered their city-state, and the Aztecs did not interfere in local affairs as long as the tribute payments were made. [55]
A map of Mexico 1845 after Texas annexation by the U.S. In March 1847, U.S. President James K. Polk sent an army of 12,000 soldiers under General Winfield Scott to Veracruz. The 70 ships of the invading forces arrived at the city on 7 March and began a naval bombardment. After landing, Scott started the Siege of Veracruz. [40]
In Gary Jennings' novel Aztec (1980), the protagonist resides in Aztlán for a while, later facilitating contact between Aztlán and the Aztec Triple Alliance just before Hernán Cortés' arrival. " Strange Rumblings in Aztlan " is an article written by Hunter S. Thompson that appeared in the April 29, 1971 issue of Rolling Stone .
Tlacopan was a Tepanec subordinate city-state to nearby altepetl, Azcapotzalco. In 1428, after its successful conquest of Azcapotzalco, Tlacopan allied with the neighbouring city-states of Tenochtitlan and Texcoco, thus becoming a member of the Aztec Triple Alliance and resulting in the subsequent birth of the Aztec Empire. [2]: xxxviii
The levee kept fresh spring-fed water in the waters around Tenochtitlan and kept the brackish waters beyond the dike, to the east. [10] Two double aqueducts, each more than 4 km (2.5 mi) long and made of terracotta, [11] provided the city with fresh water from the springs at Chapultepec. This was intended mainly for cleaning and washing.
The Aztecs of Central Mexico: An Imperial Society. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, (1982) ISBN 0-03-055736-4; Hassig, Ross. Time, History, and Belief in Aztec and Colonial Mexico. Texas University Press (2001) ISBN 0-292-73139-6; Hassig, Ross. Mexico and the Spanish Conquest. Longman: London and New York, (1994) ISBN 0-582-06828-2; Gruzinski, Serge.