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The two ways that synaptic potentials can add up to potentially form an action potential are spatial summation and temporal summation. [5] Spatial summation refers to several excitatory stimuli from different synapses converging on the same postsynaptic neuron at the same time to reach the threshold needed to reach an action potential.
A diagram of temporal summation. At any given moment, a neuron may receive postsynaptic potentials from thousands of other neurons. Whether threshold is reached, and an action potential generated, depends upon the spatial (i.e. from multiple neurons) and temporal (from a single neuron) summation of all inputs at that moment.
Temporal summation occurs when a particular synapse is stimulated at a high frequency, which causes the postsynaptic neuron to sum the incoming EPSPs and thus increases the chance of the neuron firing an action potential.
Temporal summation means that the effects of impulses received at the same place can add up if the impulses are received in close temporal succession. Thus the neuron may fire when multiple impulses are received, even if each impulse on its own would not be sufficient to cause firing.
Hence, the function of coincidence detection is to reduce the jitter caused by spontaneous neuronal activity, and while random sub-threshold stimulations from cells may not often fire coincidentally, coincident synaptic inputs derived from a unitary external stimulus ensure that a target neuron will fire as a result of the stimulus.
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