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  2. Cone penetration test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_penetration_test

    The resolution of the CPT in delineating stratigraphic layers is related to the size of the cone tip, with typical cone tips having a cross-sectional area of either 10 or 15 cm 2, corresponding to diameters of 3.6 and 4.4 cm. A very early ultra-miniature 1 cm 2 subtraction penetrometer was developed and used on a US mobile ballistic missile ...

  3. Standard penetration test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_penetration_test

    The test uses a thick-walled sampling tube, with an outside diameter of 5.01 cm (2 in) and an inside diameter of 3.5 cm (1.375 in), and a length of at least 60 cm (24 in). The sampling tube is driven into the ground at the bottom of a borehole by blows from a hammer with a mass of 63.5 kg (140 lb) falling a distance of 75 cm (30 in). The sample ...

  4. Geotechnical investigation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotechnical_investigation

    A USBR soil scientist advances a Giddings Probe direct push soil sampler.. Geotechnical investigations are performed by geotechnical engineers or engineering geologists to obtain information on the physical properties of soil earthworks and foundations for proposed structures and for repair of distress to earthworks and structures caused by subsurface conditions; this type of investigation is ...

  5. Soil test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_test

    [1] Labs, such as those at Iowa State and Colorado State University, recommend that a soil test contains 10-20 sample points for every 40 acres (160,000 m 2) of field. Tap water or chemicals can change the composition of the soil, and may need to be tested separately. As soil nutrients vary with depth and soil components change with time, the ...

  6. Probe tip - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probe_Tip

    Focused ion and electron beam techniques for the fabrication of strong, stable, reproducible Si 3 N 4 pyramidal tips with 1.0 μm length and 0.1 μm diameter were reported by Russell in 1992. [6] Significant advancement also came through the introduction of micro-fabrication methods for the creation of precise conical or pyramidal silicon and ...

  7. Soil texture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_texture

    The first classification, the International system, was first proposed by Albert Atterberg in 1905 and was based on his studies in southern Sweden. Atterberg chose 20 μm for the upper limit of silt fraction because particles smaller than that size were not visible to the naked eye, the suspension could be coagulated by salts, capillary rise within 24 hours was most rapid in this fraction, and ...

  8. Touch probe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touch_probe

    In this case, a probe can be put into the tool holder and programmed with G-code or other methods to touch off the work-piece, telling the machine where everything now is. After the machine knows everything's location, offsets are adjusted to start the next operation after the probe has been removed from the tool holder. [2] [4]

  9. Soil moisture sensor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_moisture_sensor

    A simple soil moisture sensor for gardeners. Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil. [1] Since the direct gravimetric measurement of free soil moisture requires removing, drying, and weighing of a sample, soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content indirectly by using some other property of the soil, such as electrical resistance, dielectric constant ...