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From its earliest appearance at about 1.9 Ma, H. erectus is distributed in East Africa and Southwest Asia (Homo georgicus). H. erectus is the first known species to develop control of fire, by about 1.5 Ma. H. erectus later migrates throughout Eurasia, reaching Southeast Asia by 0.7 Ma.
Claims for the earliest definitive evidence of control of fire by a member of Homo range from 1.7 to 2.0 million years ago . [1] Evidence for the "microscopic traces of wood ash" as controlled use of fire by Homo erectus, beginning roughly 1 million years ago, has wide scholarly support.
Homo rudolfensis refers to a single, incomplete skull from Kenya. Scientists have suggested that this was a specimen of Homo habilis, but this has not been confirmed. [65] Homo georgicus, from Georgia, may be an intermediate form between Homo habilis and Homo erectus, [66] or a subspecies of Homo erectus. [67]
c. 1.9 Ma – Oldest known Homo erectus fossils. This species might be evolved some time before, up to c. 2 Ma ago. c. 1.7 Ma – Australopithecines go extinct. c. 1.8–0.8 Ma – colonisation of Eurasia by Homo erectus. c. 1.5 Ma – earliest possible evidence of the controlled use of fire by Homo erectus; c. 1.2 Ma – Homo antecessor evolves.
40 kya: Extinction of Homo neanderthalensis. [36] Painted king scallop ornament (likely Neanderthal) from Cueva Antón, 43,000 years ago. Lion-man sculpture (Aurignacian, 40,000–35,000 years old) 40 kya: Aurignacian culture begins in Europe. [41] 40 kya: Oldest known figurative art the zoomorphic Löwenmensch figurine. [42]
The genus Homo evolved from Australopithecus. [7] The earliest record of Homo is the 2.8 million-year-old specimen LD 350-1 from Ethiopia, [8] and the earliest named species is Homo habilis which evolved by 2.3 million years ago. [9] The most important difference between Homo habilis and Australopithecus was a 50% increase in brain size. [10]
The early human migrations in the Lower Paleolithic saw Homo erectus spread across Eurasia 1.8 million years ago. [5] Evidence for the use of fire has been dated as early as 1.8 million years ago, a date which is contested, [ 6 ] with generally accepted evidence for the controlled use of fire dating to 780,000 years ago.
Before Homo sapiens, Homo erectus had already spread throughout Africa and non-Arctic Eurasia by about one million years ago. The oldest known evidence for anatomically modern humans (as of 2017) are fossils found at Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, dated about 360,000 years old.