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A concurrent programming language is defined as one which uses the concept of simultaneously executing processes or threads of execution as a means of structuring a program. A parallel language is able to express programs that are executable on more than one processor.
Each thread can be scheduled [5] on a different CPU core [6] or use time-slicing on a single hardware processor, or time-slicing on many hardware processors. There is no general solution to how Java threads are mapped to native OS threads. Every JVM implementation can do this differently. Each thread is associated with an instance of the class ...
Thread Level Speculation (TLS), also known as Speculative Multi-threading, or Speculative Parallelization, [1] is a technique to speculatively execute a section of computer code that is anticipated to be executed later in parallel with the normal execution on a separate independent thread. Such a speculative thread may need to make assumptions ...
Green threads were briefly available in Java between 1997 and 2000. Green threads share a single operating system thread through co-operative concurrency and can therefore not achieve parallelism performance gains like operating system threads. The main benefit of coroutines and green threads is ease of implementation.
For the execution of a single thread, the rules are simple. The Java Language Specification requires a Java virtual machine to observe within-thread as-if-serial semantics. The runtime (which, in this case, usually refers to the dynamic compiler, the processor and the memory subsystem) is free to introduce any useful execution optimizations as ...
In this way, there is a race condition between all the awakened threads. The first thread to run will win the race and find the condition satisfied, while the other threads will lose the race, and experience a spurious wakeup. [citation needed] The problem of spurious wakeup can be exacerbated on multiprocessor systems.
Actor programming – concurrent computation with actors that make local decisions in response to the environment (capable of selfish or competitive behaviour) Constraint programming – relations between variables are expressed as constraints (or constraint networks), directing allowable solutions (uses constraint satisfaction or simplex ...
Lamport's bakery algorithm is a computer algorithm devised by computer scientist Leslie Lamport, as part of his long study of the formal correctness of concurrent systems, which is intended to improve the safety in the usage of shared resources among multiple threads by means of mutual exclusion.