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A phase modulating EOM can also be used as an amplitude modulator by using a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. This alternative technique is often used in integrated optics where the requirements of phase stability is more easily achieved. The beam splitter divides the laser light into two paths, one of which has a phase modulator as described above.
Yet, phase changes often convey important information. The same cells imaged with traditional bright-field microscopy (left), and with phase-contrast microscopy (right) Phase-contrast microscopy is particularly important in biology. It reveals many cellular structures that are invisible with a bright-field microscope, as
Fluorescence lifetimes can be determined in the frequency domain by a phase-modulation method. The method uses a light source that is pulsed or modulated at high frequency (up to 500 MHz) such as an LED, diode laser or a continuous wave source combined with an electro-optic modulator or an acousto-optic modulator. The fluorescence is (a ...
An optical modulator is a device which is used to modulate a beam of light. The beam may be carried over free space, or propagated through an optical waveguide ( optical fibre ). Depending on the parameter of a light beam which is manipulated, modulators may be categorized into amplitude modulators, phase modulators, polarization modulators, etc.
In optical telecommunications it is used as an electro-optic modulator for phase and amplitude modulation of light. Optical computing researchers have proposed using Mach-Zehnder interferometer configurations in optical neural chips for greatly accelerating complex-valued neural network algorithms. [15]
This is an example contrast transfer function. There are a number of things to note: The function exists in the spatial frequency domain, or k-space; Whenever the function is equal to zero, that means there is no transmittance, or no phase signal is incorporated into the real space image
The 'modulation transfer function' (just a term for the magnitude of the optical transfer function with phase ignored) gives the true measure of lens performance, and is represented by a graph of amplitude against spatial frequency. Lens aperture diffraction also limits MTF.
A frequency comb or spectral comb is a spectrum made of discrete and regularly spaced spectral lines.In optics, a frequency comb can be generated by certain laser sources.. A number of mechanisms exist for obtaining an optical frequency comb, including periodic modulation (in amplitude and/or phase) of a continuous-wave laser, four-wave mixing in nonlinear media, or stabilization of the pulse ...