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Schematic diagram of an opto-isolator showing source of light (LED) on the left, dielectric barrier in the center, and sensor (phototransistor) on the right [note 1]. An opto-isolator (also called an optocoupler, photocoupler, or optical isolator) is an electronic component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits by using light. [1]
Figure 1: The optical circuit symbol for an isolator Faraday effect. The main component of the optical isolator is the Faraday rotator. The magnetic field, , applied to the Faraday rotator causes a rotation in the polarization of the light due to the Faraday effect. The angle of rotation, , is given by,
A schematic pinout of an extremely simple opto-isolator device. Often diode and transistor protection and/or amplification will be added. The dashed line in the centre represents to isolation barrer, over which no electrical contact can be permitted.
Galvanic isolation is used where two or more electric circuits must communicate, but their grounds may be at different potentials. It is an effective method of breaking ground loops by preventing unwanted current from flowing between two units sharing a ground conductor. Galvanic isolation is also used for safety, preventing accidental electric ...
Opto-isolator: often changed to "U" for IC P: Plug (most-movable connector of a connector pair), plug connector (connector may have "male" pin contacts and/or "female" socket contacts) PD: Photodiode: Q: Transistor (all types) R: Resistor: RN: Resistor network: sometimes simplified to "R" for resistor, or "N" for network RT: Thermistor
Opto-isolator VTL2C1 with LED input and photoresistor output. Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator [notes 1] or lamp-coupled photocell, [1] is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically ...
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The developmental trends of interface relay technology suggest the use of opto-isolator as the prevailing design principle of interface relays. An opto-isolator can be implemented in terms of an LED and a phototransistor (or photothyristor or a photodiode) or a lamp and a photoresistor. An example of an opto-electronic interface relay is shown ...