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The autoclave was invented by Charles Chamberland in 1879, [3] although a precursor known as the steam digester was created by Denis Papin in 1679. [4] The name comes from Greek auto-, ultimately meaning self, and Latin clavis meaning key, thus a self-locking device. [5] Video demonstrating how autoclaves work
A laminar flow cabinet blows unfiltered exhaust air towards the worker and is not safe for work with pathogenic agents, [2]: 13 [3] while a fume hood maintains negative pressure with constant exhaust to protect the user, but does not protect the work materials from contamination by the surrounding environment.
Because of the relatively low temperature used, AAC blocks are not considered to be a fired brick but a lightweight concrete masonry unit. After the autoclaving process, the material is stored and shipped to construction sites for use. Depending on its density, up to 80% of the volume of an AAC block is air. AAC's low density also accounts for ...
A large number of Indian Standard (IS) codes are available that are meant for virtually every aspect of civil engineering one can think of. During one's professional life one normally uses only a handful of them depending on the nature of work they are involved in. Civil engineers engaged in construction activities of large projects usually have to refer to a good number of IS codes as such ...
Solvothermal synthesis is a method of producing chemical compounds, in which a solvent containing reagents is put under high pressure and temperature in an autoclave. Many substances dissolve better in the same solvent in such conditions than at standard conditions , enabling reactions that would not otherwise occur and leading to new compounds ...
A biosafety cabinet (BSC)—also called a biological safety cabinet or microbiological safety cabinet—is an enclosed, ventilated laboratory workspace for safely working with materials contaminated with (or potentially contaminated with) pathogens requiring a defined biosafety level.
The crystallization vessels used are autoclaves. These are usually thick-walled steel cylinders with a hermetic seal which must withstand high temperatures and pressures for prolonged periods of time. Furthermore, the autoclave material must be inert with respect to the solvent. The closure is the most important element of the autoclave.
The Los Angeles abrasion test (LA abrasion) is the North American standard for testing toughness (resistance to abrasion and degradation [1]) of construction aggregate or gravel and its suitability for road construction. Test methodology and equipment is defined in the ASTM International publications ASTM C131 for particle sizes smaller than 37 ...