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SHA-256: ×8 = 256: ×8 = 256: 16 × 4 = 64: SHA-224: ×7 = 224: SHA-512: 64 ×8 = 512: ×8 = 512: ×16 = 1024: 128 16 × 5 = 80: SHA-384: ×6 = 384: Tiger-192: 64 ×3 = 192: ×3 = 192: ×8 = 512: 64 8 × 3 = 24: A B L S Not Specified Tiger-160: ×2.5=160 Tiger-128: ×2 = 128: Function Word Digest Chaining values Computation values Block Length ...
[1] [2] [3] Truncated versions of SHA-2, including SHA-384 and SHA-512/256 are not susceptible, [4] nor is the SHA-3 algorithm. [5] HMAC also uses a different construction and so is not vulnerable to length extension attacks. [6] Lastly, just performing Hash(message ‖ secret) is enough to not be affected.
There are also truncated versions of each standard, known as SHA-224, SHA-384, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256. These were also designed by the NSA. These were also designed by the NSA. SHA-3 : A hash function formerly called Keccak , chosen in 2012 after a public competition among non-NSA designers.
8 bits (or more) XOR/table Paul Hsieh's SuperFastHash [1] 32 bits Buzhash: variable XOR/table Fowler–Noll–Vo hash function (FNV Hash) 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, or 1024 bits xor/product or product/XOR Jenkins hash function: 32 or 64 bits XOR/addition Bernstein's hash djb2 [2] 32 or 64 bits shift/add or mult/add or shift/add/xor or mult/xor
SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published in 2001. [3] [4] They are built using the Merkle–Damgård construction, from a one-way compression function itself built using the Davies–Meyer structure from a specialized block cipher.
This can be done as simply as discarding half of the last 2n-bit output. SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256 take this form since they are derived from a variant of SHA-512. SHA-384 and SHA-224 are similarly derived from SHA-512 and SHA-256, respectively, but the width of their pipe is much less than 2n.
The block cipher W consists of an 8×8 state matrix of bytes, for a total of 512 bits. The encryption process consists of updating the state with four round functions over 10 rounds. The four round functions are SubBytes (SB), ShiftColumns (SC), MixRows (MR) and AddRoundKey (AK).
[2] Although hash algorithms, especially cryptographic hash algorithms, have been created with the intent of being collision resistant, they can still sometimes map different data to the same hash (by virtue of the pigeonhole principle). Malicious users can take advantage of this to mimic, access, or alter data. [3]