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  2. 1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979_Kurdish_rebellion_in_Iran

    [citation needed] KDPI leader Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou was barred from joining the Assembly of Experts, the group responsible for writing the new constitution in 1979, despite winning a seat with 34.9% of the vote. The rejection came after Ghassemlou refused the government's request to disarm the KDPI and turn their weapons in to the military.

  3. Shia clergy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_clergy

    The title of Ayatollah (and other Iranian Shi'i titles) has been "cheapened" in recent decades. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] According to Michael M. J. Fischer , the Iranian revolution led to "rapid inflation of religious titles", and almost every senior cleric was called an Ayatollah. [ 14 ]

  4. Turban knocking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turban_knocking

    A Shiite mullah with a turban on his head Mesbah Yazdi, as a high level mullah, bestows a turban to a new mullah in the "Ceremony of Putting on a Turban".. Ammāmeparāni (Persian:عمامه‌پرانی; "turban throwing", "knocking off the turban"), often referred to as turban knocking in English, is a protest action by Iranians in which they throw the turban off the head of a mullah ...

  5. Mullah - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullah

    Mullah (/ ˈ m ʌ l ə, ˈ m ʊ l ə, ˈ m uː l ə /) is an honorific title for Muslim clergy and mosque leaders. [1] The term is widely used in Iran and Afghanistan and is also used for a person who has higher education in Islamic theology and sharia law .

  6. Grand Mosque seizure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure

    The date of the attack, 20 November 1979, was the last day of the year 1399 according to the Islamic calendar; this ties in with the tradition of the mujaddid, a person who appears at the turn of every century of the Islamic calendar to revive Islam, cleansing it of extraneous elements and restoring it to its pristine purity.

  7. List of ayatollahs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ayatollahs

    India Ayatollah Syed Ali Shah Rizvi Kashmiri [45] India Alam-ul-Aalaam Ayatullah Syed Muzaffar Husain Al-Husaini – First Haadi (Supreme Authority) Jamia Jawadia, Banaras (d.1944) [45] India Ayatollah Syed Mohammad Abul Hasan Rizvi Kashmiri – Founder of Sultanul Madaris son of Ayatollah Syed Ali Shah Rizvi Kashmiri [45]

  8. List of fatwas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fatwas

    It refers to the fatwa against the acquisition, development and use of nuclear weapons by Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. [12] While the fatwa originally dates back to the mid-1990s, [ 13 ] the first public issue of it is reported to be that of October 2003, which was followed by an official statement at a meeting of the International Atomic Energy ...

  9. Ayatollah - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayatollah

    Ayatollah (UK: / ˌ aɪ ə ˈ t ɒ l ə /, also US: / ˌ aɪ ə ˈ t oʊ l ə /; Arabic: اية الله, romanized: ʾāyatu llāh; Persian: آیت‌الله, romanized: âyatollâh [ɒːjjætˌolˈlɒːh]) is an honorific title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy. it came into widespread usage in the 20th century.