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Combines hydronic (hot water) heating with a forced air delivery; Heat is produced via combustion of fuel (gas/propane/oil) in a boiler; A heat exchanger (hydronic coil) is placed in the air handler similar to the refrigerant coil in a Heat Pump system or a Central AC. Copper is often specified in supply and return manifolds and in tube coils.
(The latter are more properly described as packaged terminal heat pumps or PTHP). PTACs with support for external heating through a hydronic heating coil or natural gas heating also exist. Typical PTAC heating and cooling capacity values range from 7,000–19,000 BTU/h (2 to 5.5 kilowatts) nominal. [3]
Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. [1] A heat pump is a mechanical system that transmits heat from one location (the "source") at a certain temperature to another location (the "sink" or "heat sink") at a higher temperature. [2]
A heat pump is a device that consumes energy (usually electricity) to transfer heat from a cold heat sink to a hot heat sink. Specifically, the heat pump transfers thermal energy using a refrigeration cycle , cooling the cool space and warming the warm space. [ 1 ]
Hydronics (from Ancient Greek hydro- 'water') is the use of liquid water or gaseous water or a water solution (usually glycol with water) as a heat-transfer medium in heating and cooling systems. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The name differentiates such systems from oil and refrigerant systems.
It is common for VAV boxes to include a form of reheat, either electric or hydronic heating coils. [4] While electric coils operate on the principle of electric resistance heating, whereby electrical energy is converted to heat via electric resistance, hydronic heating uses hot water to transfer heat from the coil to the air.
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