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While this type of script is convenient in Semitic languages like Arabic and Hebrew, whose consonant roots are the key of the sentence, Urdu is an Indo-European language, which requires more precision in vowel sound pronunciation, hence necessitating more memorisation. The number of letters in the Urdu alphabet is somewhat ambiguous and debated ...
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hindustani (Hindi and Urdu) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
IPA vowel chart with audio; IPA pulmonic consonant chart with audio; IPA chart (vowels and consonants) - 2015. (pdf file) Schwa deletion in Indo-Aryan languages; Urdu alphabet; Devanagari; Phonological history of Hindustani
Note that Hindi–Urdu transliteration schemes can be used for Punjabi as well, for Gurmukhi (Eastern Punjabi) to Shahmukhi (Western Punjabi) conversion, since Shahmukhi is a superset of the Urdu alphabet (with 2 extra consonants) and the Gurmukhi script can be easily converted to the Devanagari script.
Baṛī ye (Urdu: بَڑی يے, Urdu pronunciation: [ˈbəɽiː ˈjeː]; lit. ' greater ye ') is a letter in the Urdu alphabet (and other Indo-Iranian language alphabets based on it) directly based on the alternative "returned" variant of the final form of the Arabic letter ye/yāʾ (known as yāʾ mardūda) found in the Hijazi, Kufic, Thuluth, Naskh, and Nastaliq scripts. [1]
Letters of the Urdu alphabet. Pages in category "Urdu letters" The following 36 pages are in this category, out of 36 total.
- Enlarged Urdu letters. - Fixed missing Nuqtas in Devanagari transliteration. 23:40, 10 November 2012: 8,769 × 6,200 (162 KB) Siddhantss10 - Used font Jameel Noori Nastaleeq, which even more justifies the Nastaliq style. - Added letter Noon Ghunna. - Named the numerals as pronounced in Urdu. - Followed ISO:15919 convention for Romanization.
The latest official IPA chart, revised in 2020. Here is a basic key to the symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet. For the smaller set of symbols that is sufficient for English, see Help:IPA/English. Several rare IPA symbols are not included; these are found in the main IPA article or on the extensive IPA chart.