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In 2008 ISA was awarded money to build a new high brilliance synchrotron storage ring, ASTRID2, to replace the older light source ASTRID (see below). The third generation light source generates synchrotron radiation to provide a tuneable beam of light, with wavelengths from the ultraviolet through to soft x-rays. [1] [2]
Especially when artificially produced, synchrotron radiation is notable for its: High brilliance, many orders of magnitude more than with X-rays produced in conventional X-ray tubes: 3rd-generation sources typically have a brilliance larger than 10 18 photons·s −1 ·mm −2 ·mrad −2 /(0.1%BW), where 0.1%BW denotes a bandwidth 10 −3 ω centered around the frequency ω.
MAX IV is the world's first 4th generation [6] [7] synchrotron light source facility in Lund, Sweden. [8] Its design [9] [10] and planning was carried out within the Swedish national laboratory, MAX-lab, which up until 2015 operated three storage rings for synchrotron radiation research: MAX I (550 MeV, opened 1986), MAX II (1.5 GeV, opened 1997) and MAX III (700 MeV, opened 2008).
Synchrotron radiation was first observed by technician Floyd Haber, on April 24, 1947, at the 70 MeV electron synchrotron of the General Electric research laboratory in Schenectady, New York. [5] While this was not the first synchrotron built, it was the first with a transparent vacuum tube, allowing the radiation to be directly observed.
NSLS-II is a synchrotron light source, designed to produce X-rays 10,000 times brighter than BNL's original light source, the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). NSLS-II supports research in energy security , advanced materials synthesis and manufacturing, environment, and human health.
Diffraction-limited storage rings (DLSR), or ultra-low emittance storage rings, are synchrotron light sources where the emittance of the electron-beam in the storage ring is smaller or comparable to the emittance of the x-ray photon beam they produce at the end of their insertion devices.
The Swiss Light Source (SLS) is a synchrotron located at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in Switzerland for producing electromagnetic radiation of high brightness. Planning started in 1991, the project was approved in 1997, and first light from the storage ring was seen at December 15, 2000.
The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) (Chinese: 高能同步辐射光源) is a diffraction-limited storage ring synchrotron light source producing hard x-ray radiations for scientific applications that will be built in the Huairou District in suburban Beijing, with estimated completion in 2025. [1] [2] [3] [4]