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Cumulative dose is the total dose resulting from repeated exposures of ionizing radiation to an occupationally exposed worker to the same portion of the body, ...
Additive effect can be used to detect synergy as it can be considered as the baseline effect in methods determining whether drugs have synergistic effect. Synergistic effect is similar to additive effect, having a combination effect greater than additive effect. It can produce an effect of 2+2 > 4 when two drugs are used together.
The area under the effect curve (AUEC) is an integral of the effect of a drug over time, estimated as a previously-established function of concentration. It was proposed to be used instead of AUC in animal-to-human dose translation, as computer simulation shows that it could cope better with half-life and dosing schedule variations than AUC.
This reflects how dose–response relationships can be used in individuals. In populations, dose–response relationships can describe the way groups of people or organisms are affected at different levels of exposure. Dose response relationships modelled by dose response curves are used extensively in pharmacology and drug development.
In pharmacology, the term ceiling effect refers to the property of increasing doses of a given medication to have progressively smaller incremental effect (an example of diminishing returns). Mixed agonist-antagonist opioids , such as nalbuphine , serve as a classic example of the ceiling effect; increasing the dose of a narcotic frequently ...
Molecular pharmacology – the discipline of studying drug actions at the molecular level; it is a branch of pharmacology in general. Pharmacogenomics – the study of the human genome in order to understand the ways in which genetic factors determine the actions of medicines.
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Medical ethics – System of moral principles of the practice of medicine; Pharmaceutical company – Industry involved with discovery, development, production and marketing of drugs; Pharmacovigilance – Drug safety; subdiscipline of pharmacy relating to prevention of adverse effects of drugs