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The area under the effect curve (AUEC) is an integral of the effect of a drug over time, estimated as a previously-established function of concentration. It was proposed to be used instead of AUC in animal-to-human dose translation, as computer simulation shows that it could cope better with half-life and dosing schedule variations than AUC.
It reflects the cumulative effect of the individual half-lives, as observed by the changes in the actual serum concentration of a drug under a given dosing regimen. The complexity of biological systems means that most pharmacological substances do not have a single mechanism of elimination, and hence the observed or effective half-life does not ...
Pharmacodynamics (PD) is the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs (especially pharmaceutical drugs). The effects can include those manifested within animals (including humans), microorganisms, or combinations of organisms (for example, infection).
Additive effect can be used to detect synergy as it can be considered as the baseline effect in methods determining whether drugs have synergistic effect. Synergistic effect is similar to additive effect, having a combination effect greater than additive effect. It can produce an effect of 2+2 > 4 when two drugs are used together.
The plateau principle is a mathematical model or scientific law originally developed to explain the time course of drug action (pharmacokinetics). [1] The principle has wide applicability in pharmacology, physiology, nutrition, biochemistry, and system dynamics.
In pharmacology, the term ceiling effect refers to the property of increasing doses of a given medication to have progressively smaller incremental effect (an example of diminishing returns). Mixed agonist-antagonist opioids , such as nalbuphine , serve as a classic example of the ceiling effect; increasing the dose of a narcotic frequently ...
The study of pharmacology overlaps with biomedical sciences and is the study of the effects of drugs on living organisms. Pharmacological research can lead to new drug discoveries, and promote a better understanding of human physiology. Students of pharmacology must have a detailed working knowledge of aspects in physiology, pathology, and ...
Let and be doses of compounds 1 and 2 producing in combination an effect . We denote by D e 1 {\displaystyle D_{e1}} and D e 2 {\displaystyle D_{e2}} the doses of compounds 1 and 2 required to produce effect e {\displaystyle e} alone (assuming this conditions uniquely define them, i.e. that the individual dose-response functions are bijective).